Acclimatization and leaf anatomy of micropropagated fig plantlets

Abstract

-The survival of micropropagated plants during and after acclimatization is a limiting process to plant establishment. There is little information on how the anatomy of vegetative organs of Ficus carica can be affected by culture conditions and acclimatization. The present research aimed to study the effects of time on culture medium and substrates during the acclimatization of fig tree plantlets produced in vitro, characterizing some leaf anatomy aspects of plantlets cultured in vitro and of fig trees produced in field. Plantlets previously multiplied in vitro were separated and transferred into Wood Plant Medium (WPM) where they were kept for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Different substrates were tested and studies on leaf anatomy were performed in order to compare among plantlets grown in vitro, plantlets under 20, 40 and 60 days of acclimatization, and field grown plants. Keeping plantlets for 30 days in WPM allowed better development in Plantmax during acclimatization. Field grown plants presented higher number of stomata, greater epicuticular wax thickness and greater leaf tissue production compared to in vitro ones. The leaf tissues of in vitro plantlets show little differentiation and have great stomata number compared with acclimatized plants, which reduce the number of stomata during the acclimatization process. Index terms: Ficus carica L., substrate, stomata, parenchyma. ACLIMATIZAÇÃO E ANATOMIA FOLIAR DE PLÂNTULAS DE FIGO MICROPROPAGADASRESUMO: A sobrevivência de plantas micropropagadas durante e após a aclimatização é um processo limitante para o estabelecimento de plantas. Poucas informações são encontradas de como a anatomia de órgãos vegetativos de Ficus carica pode ser afetada pelas condições de cultivo e aclimatização. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos do tempo em meio de cultura e substratos durante a aclimatização de plântulas de figueira produzidas in vitro e cultivadas no campo. Plântulas multiplicadas in vitro foram separadas e transferidas para meio WPM, onde foram mantidas por 0; 15; 30; 45 e 60 dias. Diferentes substratos foram testados, e os estudos de anatomia foliar foram executados a fim de comparar plântulas crescidas in vitro, plântulas com 20; 40 e 60 dias de aclimatização e plantas crescidas a campo. Plântulas mantidas por 30 dias em WPM apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento em Plantmax durante a aclimatização. Plantas de campo apresentam elevado número de estômatos, maior espessura de cera epicuticular e do tecido foliar em comparação com plantas cultivadas in vitro. Já plântulas crescidas in vitro mostram tecidos foliares pouco desenvolvidos e maior número de estômatos em comparação com plantas aclimatizadas, que reduzem o número de estômatos ao longo do processo de aclimatização. Termos para Indexação: Ficus carica L., substrato, estômato, parênquima.

<b>Morphoanatomy and physiology of Pouteria gardneriana Radlk plantlets grown in vitro at varied photosynthetic photon flux densities

“…According to Chirinéa, Pasqual, Araújo, Pereira, and Castro (2012), stomatal density in the leaves varies with the species and culture conditions. None of the PPFD used in the present study led to elevation of this variable in the P. gardneriana leaves.…”

In vitro propagation, micromorphological studies and ex vitro rooting of cannon ball tree (Couroupita guianensis aubl.): a multipurpose threatened species

“…The altered morphology, physiology and anatomy of micropropagated plants could be achieved by gradual hardening process from the greenhouse to the field. Greenhouse and field environments are stressful to micropropagated plants compared to in vitro conditions (Chirinea et al 2012). The in vitro heterotrophic conditions are responsible for physiological and structural modifications (Yokota et al 2007).…”

Comparative foliar micromorphological studies of in vitro and field transferred plants of Morinda citrifolia

“…2D). The stomatal structure and density are causative factors to excessive water loss in field grown plants (Chirinéa et al 2012). Stomatal abnormalities under in vitro culture conditions were also reported in Elaeis guineensis (Luis et al 2010), Ficus carica (Chirinéa et al 2012) and Couroupita guianensis (Shekhawat and Manokari 2016a).…”