Accommodative ability in exotropia: Predictive value of surgical success

Somer, Deniz; Demirci, Saniye; Cinar, Fatma Gul; Duman, Sunay

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2007.01.123

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…We were also able to gather data from the same group of children while both tropic and controlled, which although not unique, [7, 8]is rare. Although studies have looked at accommodation in distance exotropia, accommodation is usually assessed monocularly [7-10] and so its relationship to alignment is difficult to assess. The PlusoptiXSO4 has a major advantage in that accommodation and vergence data can be obtained simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased accommodation during decompensation of distance exotropia

Horwood

Riddell

2011

Br J Ophthalmol

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Objective-Disparity cues can be a major drive to accommodation via the CA/C (convergence accommodation to convergence) linkage but, on decompensation of exotropia, disparity cues are extinguished by suppression, so this drive is lost. This study investigated accommodation and vergence responses to disparity, blur and proximal cues in a group of distance exotropes aged between 4-11 years both during decompensation and when exotropic. Methods-19participants with distance exotropia were tested using a PlusoptiXSO4 photorefractor set in a remote haploscopic device which assessed simultaneous vergence and accommodation to a range of targets incorporating different combinations of blur, disparity and proximal cues at four fixation distances between 2m and 33cm. Responses on decompensation were compared to those from the same children when their deviation was controlled.Results-Manifest exotropia was more common in the more impoverished cue conditions. When decompensated for near, mean accommodation gain for the all-cue (naturalistic) target reduced significantly (p<0.0001), with resultant mean under-accommodation of 2.33D at 33cm. The profile of near cues usage changed after decompensation, with blur and proximity driving residual responses, but these remaining cues did not compensate for loss of accommodation caused by the removal of disparity.Conclusions-Accommodation often reduces on decompensation of distance exotropia as the drive from convergence is extinguished, providing a further reason to try to prevent decompensation for near.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased accommodation during decompensation of distance exotropia

Horwood

Riddell

2011

Br J Ophthalmol

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“…Exophoric subjects may require more Data presented as median (interquartile range). *statistically significant value using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure effort in accommodation and convergence due to reduced adaptation, which can cause more fatigue than in normal individuals [4,[26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of virtual reality on visual parameters: immersive versus non-immersive mode

et al. 2020

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Background: To investigate the differences in refraction, accommodative factors, visual parameters, and subjective symptoms after using two types of virtual reality (VR) content with different depths of perception. Methods: Twenty-three volunteers, who played VR games in two modes (immersive and non-immersive) for 30 min, were enrolled. Visual parameters were examined before and after using VR. Accommodative factors were measured using static and dynamic methods. Subjective symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire. Differences according to VR content were compared, and correlations between each visual parameter were analyzed. Results: There were no changes in refraction or accommodative factors after use of the VR. However, there was a significant increase in the near point of accommodation (NPA), the near point of convergence (NPC), and subjective symptom scores after using the immersive mode. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between baseline values of near exophoria and mean accommodative lag of the dominant eye, and also revealed a negative correlation between NPA and mean accommodative lag in the non-dominant eye. Conclusions: The use of VR for 30 min increased NPA and NPC, especially after the immersive mode was used. In addition, higher exophoria and smaller NPA is associated with increased accommodative lag after using VR.

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“…Vergence adaptation modulates fast response and reduces error and fatigue by maintaining vergence stimulus [23][24][25]. Exophoric subjects may require more effort in accommodation and convergence due to reduced adaptation, which can cause more fatigue than in normal individuals [4,[26][27][28][29] In addition, subjects who had a smaller NPA were more likely to exhibit an increase in mean accommodative lag after using VR. The baseline NPC was removed due to a high false discovery rate; however, the baseline NPC showed a relatively high correlation with changes in mean accommodation lag.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

Yoon

Kim

Park

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To investigate the differences in refraction, accommodative factors, visual parameters, and subjective symptoms after using two types of virtual reality (VR) content with different depths perception.Methods: Twenty-three volunteers, who played VR games in two modes (immersive and non-immersive) for 30 min, were enrolled. Visual parameters were examined before and after using VR. Accommodative factors were measured using static and dynamic methods. Subjective symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire. Differences according to VR content were compared, and correlations between each visual parameter were analyzed.Results: There were no changes in refraction or accommodative factors after use of the VR. However, there was a significant increase in the near point of accommodation (NPA), the near point of convergence (NPC), and subjective symptom scores after using the immersive mode. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between baseline values of near exophoria and mean accommodative lag of the dominant eye, and also revealed a negative correlation between NPA and mean accommodative lag in the non-dominant eye. Conclusions: The use of VR for 30 min increased NPA and NPC, especially after the immersive mode was used. In addition, higher exophoria and smaller NPA is associated with increased accommodative lag after using VR.

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Accommodative ability in exotropia: Predictive value of surgical success

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Decreased accommodation during decompensation of distance exotropia

Decreased accommodation during decompensation of distance exotropia

Influence of virtual reality on visual parameters: immersive versus non-immersive mode

Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

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