Accommodative and binocular disorders in preteens with computer vision syndrome: a cross‐sectional study

De-Hita-Cantalejo, Concepción; García-Pérez, Ángel; Sánchez‐González, José‐María; Capote-Puente, Raúl; Sánchez-González, María Carmen

doi:10.1111/nyas.14553

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Over the last few decades, the usage of handheld devices, including smartphones and tablets, has increased, especially during lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Several ocular symptoms, including dry eye and binocular disabilities have also been reported after excessive usage of handheld devices [21,22]. When using a smartphone, the working distances are shorter than that found for typical near working distances [23], with these distances becoming even shorter when there is over 60 min of usage [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of topical cycloplegics in acute acquired comitant esotropia induced by excessive digital device usage

Hayashi

Machida

2022

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background Acute acquired comitant esotropia induced by excessive digital device usage, especially smartphones (SAACE), has been increasing over the past few years. One suggested mechanism is convergence spasm induced by excessive near work, with refraining from digital device use considered to be an effective method for decreasing the degree of esodeviation. However, if symptoms persist and are untreated over time, recovery becomes more difficult. The present study evaluated the effects of topical cycloplegics on persistent SAACE untreated for over 1 year. Methods Patients with sustained SAACE that was untreated for over 1 year were evaluated. Digital device usage was discouraged and a topical cycloplegic, 0.4% tropicamide, was prescribed at bedtime. After obtaining informed consent, the 14 out of 23 enrolled patients who agreed to eye drop administration were defined as the study group, with the others serving as the controls. After a 3-month follow-up, patients who elected to undergo surgery were analyzed as the surgery group. Changes in esotropia angles, stereoacuity and diplopia complaints were evaluated after a 3-month follow-up. Results Esotropia angles decreased and stereoacuity improved after a 3-month treatment in the study group (P < 0.01). Diplopia disappeared in 13 patients (92.9%, totally disappeared or disappeared when using glasses with built-in prisms). Among 11 patients with untreated esotropia ranging from 1–3 years, decreases in esotropia angles were correlated to untreated esotropia duration (near: R = -0.6; distance: R = 0.7; both P < 0.05). Esotropia angles in the control group exhibited a tendency to increase while stereoacuity tended to deteriorate after the 3-month follow-up. As diplopia did not disappear in any patients, 7 elected to undergo surgery and were enrolled as the surgery group. While esotropia angles decreased in the study group, they were lower than the surgery group (P < 0.01), but higher than the control group (P < 0.01). Stereoacuity was worse in the control versus the study and surgery groups (both P < 0.05). Conclusion Results suggest short-acting topical cycloplegics are effective in SAACE patients with long untreated periods. Decreases in esotropia angles were negatively correlated to untreated esotropia duration, which suggests the necessity of early treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of topical cycloplegics in acute acquired comitant esotropia induced by excessive digital device usage

Hayashi

Machida

2022

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…A recent study by De-Hita-Cantalejo et al showed that accommodative insufficiency is often associated with severe symptoms of CVS [ 9 ]. These results are similar with data from our study, showing that all patients with convergence insufficiency had eye fatigue and blurred vision when using gadgets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular and musculoskeletal changes in the pediatric population using gadgets

Pavel

Savu

Chiriac

et al. 2022

rjo

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Objective. Analysis of ophthalmological and musculoskeletal changes secondary to the use of electronic devices with digital screen, such as smartphones, laptops, computers or tablets. Material and Methods. This paper represents is a prospective observational study of 35 participants with ages between 6 and 17. The ophthalmological exam was carried out for all participants in the Ophthalmological Clinic of “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, Iaşi, and the exam of musculoskeletal disorders took place at “Sf. Maria” Pediatrics Hospital, Iaşi. A questionnaire including 14 questions was also distributed for the symptoms caused by the use of digital screen electronic devices. Results. The mean age of participants was 11,29 ± 3,54 years, predominantly female children (62,9%). Convergence insufficiency has been identified in all patients with accommodative disorders and in 18.2% of the children with amblyopia (p = 0.001). The frequency of cases with dry eye syndrome (DES) was 9.1% in the patients with accommodative disorders and 18.2% in the patients with amblyopia. In the entire studied group of patients, the smartphone was the most frequently used electronic device, being found in 77.1% of the cases. As for the gender, about 54% of the boys spent more than 5 hours on electronic devices, while 54.5% of the girls spent between 3 to 5 hours. Among the symptoms that occur during the use of gadgets, pain in the neck, shoulders and back was found most often, being identified in 29 participants. Conclusion. Pre-existent ophthalmological symptoms can be exacerbated by prolonged use of digital screen electronic devices. Musculoskeletal symptoms were encountered in high numbers in all participants, which suggests that musculoskeletal changes must be treated with great importance in Computer Vision Syndrome. Also, the symptomatology determined by the use of gadgets was more frequently associated with males than females. Abbreviations: CVS = computer vision syndrome, VA = visual acuity, VDT= visual display terminals, DES = dry eye syndrome

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“…The material used was a validated CVS screening questionnaire for children [14,15], ±2.00 D flippers, near-vision card, opaque occluder, translucent occluder, tape measure, prism bars, pointer (all previous material from Optometric Promotion, Madrid, Spain), Welch Allyn Streak Retinoscope (Welch Allyn, Leicestershire, UK), and Welch Allyn Autorefractometer (Welch Allyn, Leicestershire, UK). The measurements were made under the same light conditions and with the same material for all children.…”

Section: Materials and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tweenager Computer Visual Syndrome Due to Tablets and Laptops during the Postlockdown COVID-19 Pandemic and the Influence on the Binocular and Accommodative System

De-Hita-Cantalejo

Sánchez‐González

Silva‐Viguera

et al. 2022

JCM

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The aim of our study was to compare computer visual syndrome (CVS) in a tweenager student population who use tablets and laptops only to play versus CVS in tweenagers who use these digital devices at school to study, in addition to playing. The tests performed were a validated survey for children for the detection of CVS and accommodative and vergence tests. The CVS item questionnaire was divided into four main groups based on questions concerning the following: (I) the digital device usage time, (II) musculoskeletal and ergonomic nature, (III) visual symptoms, and (IV) ocular surface symptoms. The high-demand digital device group showed worse punctuation in all item groups. From the optometric perspective, when the subjects were classified according to the CVS, high-demand participants presented a clear tendency to exophoria with statistically significant differences in distance vision (−1.94 ± 4.48 Δ) and near vision (−5.78 ± 8.62 Δ) (p < 0.01). Our results establish a relationship between the increased use of electronic devices and computer vision syndrome in the preadolescent population. In addition, this situation is related to the presence of visual, accommodative, and binocular dysfunctions that could affect the efficiency of the visual system.

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Accommodative and binocular disorders in preteens with computer vision syndrome: a cross‐sectional study

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

The effects of topical cycloplegics in acute acquired comitant esotropia induced by excessive digital device usage

The effects of topical cycloplegics in acute acquired comitant esotropia induced by excessive digital device usage

Ocular and musculoskeletal changes in the pediatric population using gadgets

Tweenager Computer Visual Syndrome Due to Tablets and Laptops during the Postlockdown COVID-19 Pandemic and the Influence on the Binocular and Accommodative System

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