Purpose Business, society and academic literature all show an increase in the demand for greater accountability. Although accountability is deemed to be central to performance in the workplace, it is an ever-expanding, complex and elusive phenomenon. There is very little empirical research in human resource literature on accountability's wide-ranging antecedents and how they are best implemented. This study set out to identify which factors have the greatest influence when holding an individual to account.Design/methodology/approach Qualitative, exploratory research methods were adopted.Twenty semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with CEO's, executives, human resource experts, senior managers and consultants in eight industries in South Africa. The data was analysed by thematic content analysis.
FindingsThe findings identified five dominant antecedents that are required to effectively hold an individual to account for their performance. These are the culture and leadership of the organisation, the systems in the organisation, the values and recruitment means of the individual and the clarity of role. For each of these factors, the key management mechanisms were identified.Originality/Value A 'System of Accountability' model was developed depicting the interdependence of the factors and conceptualising a process that can be followed for human resource professionals to develop a culture of accountability. No equivalent integrated model could be found in the literature