Accountability to Population Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Designing Health Care Delivery Within a Social Responsibility Framework

Cutter, Christina; Nelson, Christopher; Abir, Mahshid

doi:10.1089/pop.2020.0096

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Fair allocation and protection of scarce and shareable medical resources in existing public healthcare systems are challenging amid the global COVID-19 pandemic. Many studies acknowledged that the COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed the existing healthcare system of the world [82]. In such a scenario, rapid and immediate decisions and actions by the authorities or governments in compliance with the agreed-on policies can assure the health safety of their workers.…”

Section: H Rapid Response Registry For Medical Professionalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The close cooperation and coordination require maintaining a consistent and synchronized record of data for streamlining operations of participating organizations to curb COVID-19. However, the amount of data generated by the organizations is very large [16,53,82,124]. For instance, digital contact tracing requires users to regularly monitor and update their timestamped geodata on the blockchain.…”

Section: Transaction Throughput and Network Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain and COVID-19 Pandemic: Applications and Challenges

Ahmad¹,

Salah²,

Jayaraman³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The year 2020 has witnessed the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that has rapidly spread and adversely affected the global economy, health, and human lives. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the limitations of existing healthcare systems regarding its inadequacy to timely and efficiently handle public health emergencies. A large portion of today's healthcare systems are centralized and fall short in providing necessary information security and privacy, data immutability, transparency, and traceability features to detect frauds related to COVID-19 vaccination certification, anti-body testing, and medical supplies. Blockchain technology can assist to combat the COVID-19 pandemic by assuring safe and reliable medical supplies, accurate identification of virus hot spots, and establishing data provenance to verify the genuine personal protective equipment that is decentralized, trustworthy, traceable, and transparent. In this paper, we discuss the potential blockchain applications for the COVID-19 pandemic. We present the high-level design of three blockchain-based systems to enable the governments and medical professionals to efficiently handle health emergencies caused by COVID-19. We discuss the important ongoing blockchain-based research projects to demonstrate the adoption of blockchain technology for the COVID-19. Finally, we identify and discuss future research challenges along with their key causes and guidelines.

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Section: H Rapid Response Registry For Medical Professionalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transaction Throughput and Network Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain and COVID-19 Pandemic: Applications and Challenges

Ahmad¹,

Salah²,

Jayaraman³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] One of the hallmarks of this fragmented care system is geographic variation, as demonstrated by variation in regional COVID-19 strategies for managing patient flows and the allocation of health care resources, such as personal protective equipment and ventilators. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Because public health powers in the United States are vested in the states, COVID-19 patient surge strategies varied from state to state. 19,20 Additionally, public health orders issued by state governors, such as mask mandates and shelter-in-place orders, are often confined to individual state borders, creating a scenario where the residents of different states are subject to different sets of exposures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of a Novel Definition of Health Care Regions in the United States in the Era of COVID-19: A Validation of the Pittsburgh Atlas Using Pneumonia Admissions

Dalton

Miller

Bergmark

et al. 2022

Annals of Emergency Medicine

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Study objective: The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has underscored the need to understand health care in a regional context. However, there are multiple definitions of health care regions available for conducting geospatial analyses. In this study, we compare the novel Pittsburgh Atlas, which defined regions for emergency care, with the existing definitions of regions, counties, and the Dartmouth Atlas, with respect to nonemergent acute medical conditions using pneumonia admissions. Methods:We identified patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia or a primary admitting diagnosis of sepsis with a secondary diagnosis of pneumonia in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's State Inpatient Databases. We calculated the percentage of region concordant care, the localization index, and market share for 3 definitions of health care regions (the Pittsburgh Atlas, Dartmouth Atlas, and counties). We used logistic regression identified predictors of region concordant care. Results:We identified 1,582,287 patients who met the inclusion criteria. We found that the Pittsburgh Atlas and Dartmouth Atlas definitions of regions performed similarly with respect to both localization index (92.0 [interquartile range 87.9 to 95.7] versus 90.3 [interquartile range 81.4 to 94.5]) and market share (8.5 [interquartile range 5.1 to 13.6] versus 9.4 [interquartile range 6.7 to 14.1]). Both atlases outperformed the localization index (67.5 [interquartile range 49.9 to 83.9]) and market share (20.0% [interquartile range 11.4 to 31.4]) of the counties. Within a given referral region, the demographic factors, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and the level of severity, affected concordance rates between residential and hospital regions. Conclusion:Because the Pittsburgh Atlas also has the benefit of respecting state and county boundaries, the use of this definition may have improved policy applicability without sacrificing accuracy in defining health care regions for acute medical conditions.

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“…The above areas of inquiry resonate with the core principles of the bioecological model [ 48 – 51 ], which highlights the way individuals are influenced by a series of synergistic interactions between intrapersonal and interpersonal factors (e.g., residents, resident families), organizational characteristics (e.g., nursing homes), policy (e.g., legislative response) and the social/community (e.g., ageism) context, and how these processes can change over time (See Figure 1 .) To successfully and effectively protect nursing home residents from global health crises like COVID-19, stakeholders such as policymakers, healthcare professionals, informal caregivers, and older adults themselves all need to contribute to the change-making process [ 2 , 46 , 52 , 53 ]. While some effective changes are resource-intensive, time-consuming, and need concerted efforts from multilevel stakeholders to achieve, there are cost-effective, efficient, and accessible health solutions available to nursing home residents, such as technology-based interventions [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology-Based Interventions for Nursing Home Residents: Implications for Nursing Home Practice Amid and Beyond the Influence of COVID-19: A Systematic Review Protocol

Su¹,

Meyer²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: A growing number of technology-based interventions are used to support the health and quality of life of nursing home residents. The onset of COVID-19 and recommended social distancing policies that followed led to an increased interest in technology-based solutions to provide healthcare and promote health. Yet, there are no comprehensive resources on technology-based healthcare solutions that describe their efficacy for nursing home residents. This systematic review will identify technology-based interventions designed for nursing home residents and describe the characteristics and effects of these interventions concerning the distinctive traits of nursing home residents and nursing facilities. Additionally, this paper will present practical insights into the varying intervention approaches that can assist in the delivery of broad digital health solutions for nursing home residents amid and beyond the impact of COVID-19.Methods: Databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus will be used to identify articles related to technology-based interventions for nursing home residents published between January 1st, 2020 to July 7th, 2020. Titles, abstracts, and full-texts papers will be reviewed against the eligibility criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses procedures will be followed for the reporting process, and implications for existing interventions and research evaluated by a multidisciplinary research team.Results: NA—protocol studyConclusions: Our study will fill critical gaps in the literature by providing a review of technology-based interventions tested in the nursing home setting. As the older adult population grows, there is an urgent need to identify effective technology-based interventions that can address the distinctive characteristics and preferences of nursing home residents. Clear and comprehensive understanding of how available technology-based health solutions facilitate healthcare for nursing home residents will shed light on the approaches open to residents to fend off the negative health consequences amid and beyond the influence of COVID-19.Systematic Review Registrations: PROSPERO CRD 42020191880

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Accountability to Population Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Designing Health Care Delivery Within a Social Responsibility Framework

Abstract: Consumer safeguards should align free market mechanisms with the resource needs of a rapidly evolving pandemic response. The acute phase of the pandemic has revealed that resource-constrained environments are

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Blockchain and COVID-19 Pandemic: Applications and Challenges

Blockchain and COVID-19 Pandemic: Applications and Challenges

The Utility of a Novel Definition of Health Care Regions in the United States in the Era of COVID-19: A Validation of the Pittsburgh Atlas Using Pneumonia Admissions

Technology-Based Interventions for Nursing Home Residents: Implications for Nursing Home Practice Amid and Beyond the Influence of COVID-19: A Systematic Review Protocol

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