Accounting for an individual approach to training of athletes in playing sports (on the example of basketball, volleyball and futsal)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of ways to optimize the training process for student basketball, volleyball and futsal teams, taking into account the individual biorhythmic properties of female athletes. The study determines the importance of individualizing training and preparation, in particular, taking into account circadian rhythms and other biorhythmic aspects that determine physiological and psychological changes in female athletes during the day. The tasks of the study included testing the biological rhythms of female athletes to improve the training process. 36 sportswomen (14 basketball players, 12 volleyball players, 10 soccer players) of the teams of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine took part in the study. The analysis of the biological rhythms of female athletes included various indicators that help to understand their physiological reactions and determine the optimal schedule of training and rest. Among them were taken: heart rate, rhythmic changes in body temperature (measurement of body temperature during the day to determine the circadian rhythm of heat exchange), rhythmic changes in blood pressure (observation of changes in blood pressure during the day to determine the circadian rhythm of cardiovascular activity), indicators of activity and sleep (determination of activity and sleep mode, including time of awakening, time of falling asleep and duration of sleep), hand strength (hand dynamometry), standing long jump. The article examines the results of the study, which include an analysis of the optimal time for training, fatigue and recovery management, adaptation of training programs to biorhythms, and the impact on psychological readiness. The conclusions drawn indicate that an individual approach to training, based on biorhythmic properties and psychomotor qualities, can improve the performance of sportswomen in the aforementioned teams. This article is aimed at coaches, scientists and physical training specialists interested in innovative methods of training female athletes aimed at taking into account their individual biorhythms to achieve optimal results in basketball, volleyball and futsal.