Accounting for potassium and magnesium in irrigation water quality assessment

Oster, J. D.; Sposito, Garrison; Smith, Chris

doi:10.3733/ca.v070n02p71

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The power source indicates a supply of fresh material from surrounding areas. The primary ions indicate the alkalinity of water (Oster et al 2016 ). Sulfates formed during organic decay are then evidence of water contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the applicability of MESS (matrix exponential spatial specification) model to assess water quality using GIS technique in agricultural mountain catchment (Western Carpathian)

Halecki

Stachura

Fudała

et al. 2018

Environ Monit Assess

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The formation of many sources of pollution in a short period of time is due to mountain soil erosion by water. One of the major mechanisms decisive in the intensification of such erosion is the loosening of soil material on the slope. Water quality studies show the impact of diversified spatial management and allow making the right decisions in environmental management in mountain areas with high variability of use and land cover. The research undertaken as part of the paper was carried out in order to determine the dependency between total suspended solids (TSS) and the physicochemical parameters of surface waters and the amount of soil losses in the use structure within the mountain catchment. The paper focused on the frequency of phenomena in time and the possibility of stopping the surface runoff on the slope and on the soil’s susceptibility to water erosion. The dependencies between multipoint sampling and the concentration of material washed off the slope due to precipitation were verified with a multivariate analysis. Sampling took place in hydrometric sections, and during small floods, in the waterbed cross section. Research shows that such sampling is the basis for the calculation of the transported load, reflecting the average variation in concentration. The variation in the volume of the load from the individual parts of the catchment was assessed by the spatial autoregressive model. It was found that the use of river basin areas affects water chemistry. Water reservoirs are an important ecological barrier for the migration of nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3) and phosphate phosphorus (P-PO4), which is marked by changes in the growing season. Water along the sections of the river near the quarry with a high degree of sodding showed good quality condition. Despite significant differences between measurement sampling sites, high total dissolved solid (TDS) values were found in communities adjacent to forests and meadows. However, the highest electrical conductivity (EC) and TSS concentrations were found in the interface with cultivated areas. Biogenic indices showed variation depending on the way the adjacent areas were used. GIS linked spatial variables with the formation of water pollution. The analysis of spatial autoregression pointed to the impact of arable land. Moreover, the analysis of spatial autoregression with the MESS function designated a connection between agricultural land use and nitrite nitrogen (N-NO2), EC, TSS, and dissolved oxygen (DO). Graphical abstractᅟ Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10661-018-7137-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the applicability of MESS (matrix exponential spatial specification) model to assess water quality using GIS technique in agricultural mountain catchment (Western Carpathian)

Halecki

Stachura

Fudała

et al. 2018

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Recent studies have shown that, in addition to sodium, exchangeable potassium and magnesium can also increase soil swelling and dispersion affecting soil physical properties [11][12][13][14][15]. The effects of these cations in causing swelling and dispersion are not similar, but depend on the ionicity index [14], a molecular scale geochemical parameter which estimates the relative bonding (ionic and covalent) tendency of a cation with charged particles.…”

Section: Ion Exchange and Resultant Soil Structural Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Chemistry Factors Confounding Crop Salinity Tolerance—A Review

Rengasamy

2016

Agronomy

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Abstract:The yield response of various crops to salinity under field conditions is affected by soil processes and environmental conditions. The composition of dissolved ions depend on soil chemical processes such as cation or anion exchange, oxidation-reduction reactions, ion adsorption, chemical speciation, complex formation, mineral weathering, solubility, and precipitation. The nature of cations and anions determine soil pH, which in turn affects crop growth. While the ionic composition of soil solution determine the osmotic and ion specific effects on crops, the exchangeable ions indirectly affect the crop growth by influencing soil strength, water and air movement, waterlogging, and soil crusting. This review mainly focuses on the soil chemistry processes that frustrate crop salinity tolerance which partly explain the poor results under field conditions of salt tolerant genotypes selected in the laboratory.

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“…The cation ratio of soil structural stability CROSS (Table 1) expands and modifies SAR to account for the dispersive properties of K + and to more precisely account for the flocculating capacity of Mg 2+ relative to Ca 2+ . The U.S. Salinity Laboratory [4] originally introduced the potassium adsorption ratio PAR to account for the dispersive properties of K + but the PAR was largely ignored as a water quality parameter until the introduction of CROSS [5,8].…”

Section: Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Water Loss by Evaporation and Calcite Precipitation on the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and an Alternative Method of Estimating the SAR of Irrigation Drainage Water

Zhou¹,

Bleam²,

Soldat³

2020

Preprint

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Soil water loss by evaporation influences the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of irrigation drainage water. Evaporation concentrates sodium and magnesium but calcite precipitation has a more complicated effect on soluble calcium and alkalinity. Here we propose a revised sodicity hazard assessment that quantifies the impact of evaporative water loss and calcite precipitation on drainage water SAR. This paper shows sodicity hazard is determined by the initial composition of irrigation water as originally suggested by previous researchers, and provide a simple, accurate way to identify the potential sodicity hazard of any irrigation water. In particular, the initial equivalent concentration of alkalinity and calcium determine the salinization pathway followed during evaporation. If the irrigation water alkalinity exceeds soluble calcium expressed as equivalent concentrations, drainage water SAR approaches an upper limit determined by the initial relative concentration of sodium and magnesium. If irrigation water alkalinity is less than soluble calcium, drainage water SAR approaches a lower limit determined by the initial calcium, magnesium and sodium. In both cases the SAR is scaled by the square root of the concentration factor √Fc quantifying soil water loss. To assess the impact of evaporation and calcite precipitation on the SAR and test the accuracy of the new sodicity hazard assessment, we evaluated data from previously published lysimeter studies. We plotted water composition boundaries for each source water, comparing these boundaries to the drainage water composition recorded in the lysimeter studies. As salinity increased by evaporation, each drainage water followed a distinct salinization path.

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Accounting for potassium and magnesium in irrigation water quality assessment

Cited by 55 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluating the applicability of MESS (matrix exponential spatial specification) model to assess water quality using GIS technique in agricultural mountain catchment (Western Carpathian)

Evaluating the applicability of MESS (matrix exponential spatial specification) model to assess water quality using GIS technique in agricultural mountain catchment (Western Carpathian)

Soil Chemistry Factors Confounding Crop Salinity Tolerance—A Review

The Impact of Water Loss by Evaporation and Calcite Precipitation on the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and an Alternative Method of Estimating the SAR of Irrigation Drainage Water

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