“…The material, social, and symbolic circumstances typical of women's and men's lives differ in ways that promote distinctive identities, perspectives, priorities, and modes of interacting (Haraway, 1988;Harding, 1991;Wood, 1992;Wood & Cox, 1993). The circumstances of many men's lives encourage instrumental behaviors, individualistic orientations, competition, and efforts to gain and hold control over others and situations (Bingham, 1996;Campbell, 1993;Malta & Borker, 1982;Stamp & Sabourin, 1995). The circumstances of many women's lives, in contrast, promote expressive behaviors, relational orientations, cooperation, and inclusion of others (Aries, 1987;Cancian, 1987;Hall & Langellier, 1988;Johnson, 1989).…”