Acculturation: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nutrition

Abstract

The health status of Australia's indigenous people remains the worst of any subgroup within the population, and there is little evidence of any significant improvement over the past two decades, a situation unprecedented on a world scale. Compared with non-indigenous Australians, adult life expectancy is reduced by 15-20 years, with twice the rates of mortality from heart disease, 17 times the death rate from diabetes and 10 times the deaths from pneumonia. Despite improvements in perinatal mortality, they continue to represent a major cause of death, with infant deaths up to 2.5 times higher than the general population. The problems of educational disadvantage and unemployment are reflected in twice the rates of smoking and high obesity levels. Seven percent of indigenous families are homeless, with many more in inadequate and overcrowded housing, sometimes lacking water or sewerage. Economic disadvantage is real: 23% worry about going without food. Nutritional deficiencies in children have resulted in failure to thrive, contributing greatly to the problems of pneumonia and infectious diseases. The remoteness and isolation of many Aboriginal communities limit education and employment opportunities. It is important to consider the historical context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, in order to gain an understanding of current health problems. The impact of past policies and practices and the 'introduced diet' are reflected in the poor health outcomes described above. This session will explore some of the underlying historical, cultural, structural and political factors that can be linked to the current problems.

The Social Determinants of Food Purchasing Practices: Who Chooses Price-before-Health, Taste-before-Price or Organic Foods in Australia?

“…Data collected in South Australia estimates the food insecurity rate to be approximately 7% [22]. However, this increases among at-risk groups including: unemployed (11.3%), rental households (15.8%) [23], those identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (23%) [24] and recently arrived refugees (71%) [25].…”

Adecuación de la dieta servida a escolares en albergues indigenistas de la Sierra Tarahumara, México

“…[15][16][17][18][19] Así lo indica la inclusión habitual de alimentos no tradicionales con alto contenido energético como el aceite y azúcar, o de sodio como en los diversos alimentos enlatados que se sirven. A esto se suma la ausencia de alimentos de uso tradicional rarámuri en la dieta servida como el quelite, el pinole, el nopal y la calabaza.…”

Changing the acculturation conversation: indigenous cultural reclamation in Australiaand Aotearoa/New Zealand

“…In Australia, Indigenous Australians were not recognised as citizens in their own land until the 1967 referendum; this was the first official document and political movement that provided the bona fide right to vote (Dudgeon, Wright et al, 2014;Mercer, 2003;Shannon, 2002). However, Indigenous peoples are still not recognised as such in the country's Constitution despite attempts to have the situation addressed.…”

“…At the collective level, it is the loss of cultural identity, language, the sacred ruwi (land), traditions, values, familial ties as well as communal cohesion. At the individual level, experiences of acculturative stress, identity confusion, racist incidents, poor health, decreased wellbeing, and over representation in the criminal justice system are all reported (see for example, Baxter, Kingi, Tapsell, Durie, & McGee, 2006;Berry, 1970;Bodkin-Andrews, Ha, Craven, & Yeung, 2010;Cawte, Biancki, & Kiloh, 1968;Dudgeon, Wright et al, 2014;Gracey, 2000;Kvernmo, 2006;O'dea, Patel, Kubisch, Hopper, & Traiandes, 1993;Parker & Milroy, 2014;Shannon, 2002;Snowball & Weatherburn, 2006). As Berry (1992;2013) proposes, acculturation, when occurring involuntarily and in an unsupportive environment, is unlikely to result in positive outcomes.…”