Accumulated Puʻu ʻŌʻō magma fed the voluminous 2018 rift eruption of Kīlauea Volcano: evidence from lava chemistry

Pietruszka, A. J.; Garcia, Michael O.; Rhodes, J. M.

doi:10.1007/s00445-021-01470-3

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nb/Y ratios from whole rock analyses of previous LERZ eruptions follow a similar trend to summit eruptions (Helz and Wright, 1992;Marske, 2010;Norman, 2005). Matrix glasses erupted in Early Phase 1 in 2018 have much more similar Nb/Y ratios to the 1955-1960 eruptions than melts erupted in the period between 1790-1840 AD (characterized by lower Nb/Y ratios; ~0.5-0.6, see also Pietruszka et al, 2021). This indicates that melts erupted in 1955 or 1960 are a more probable parent than those erupted in 1790 and 1840.…”

Section: Identifying Parental Magmasmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…S17). Pietruszka et al, (2021) also demonstrate that Nb/Y is resistant to fractionation using available partitioning data for relevant phases. In addition to being the least fractionated ratio, it is also advantageous to use Nb/Y for comparisons because it is the only trace element ratio which has been reported by a number of different studies investigating historic lavas on the LERZ (because both Nb and Y can be measured accurately and precisely by XRF, unlike La and Yb).…”

Section: Identifying Parental Magmasmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Whole-rock Nb/Y ratios (pink dots on Fig. 4a, Pietruszka et al, 2021) of lavas erupted in the first 20 days of the 2018 eruption form a mixing trend between the "1955-1960 like" Nb/Y ratios exhibited by Early Phase 1 lavas, and the Nb/Y ratios measured in Phase 3. This trend is also seen in our matrix glass analyses of F13-react and F20.…”

Section: Identifying Parental Magmasmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…As discussed further in section 4.4, Nb/Y is not extensively fractionated during crystallization at Kīlauea, so can be used to identify distinct magma batches (Pietruszka et al, 2021). Early Phase 1 matrix glasses from F4, F5, F8, F10-12 (green symbols) have Nb/Y ratios of ~0.6-0.8, which overlap with the composition of matrix glasses erupted at F17 (Fig.…”

Section: Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It has been suggested, based on the presence of high forsterite olivines incorporated within Phase 3 lavas, and the bimodal distribution of melt inclusion saturation pressures at 1-2 and 3-5 km, that this magma originated from the two magma reservoirs identified by geophysical imaging beneath Kīlauea's summit (Wieser et al, 2021, Lerner et al, 2021, with a hydraulic connection linking these reservoirs to Ahuʻailāʻau ( Gansecki et al, 2019;Neal et al, 2018;Patrick et al, 2019). Conversely, Pietruszka et al (2021) suggest that major and trace element differences between Phase 3 lavas and those erupted at Kīlauea's summit and Puʻuʻōʻō prior to the onset of the 2018 eruption rules out a summit origin, and instead suggest that this MgO-rich magma had accumulated in the Middle East Rift Zone (MERZ) downrift of Puʻuʻōʻō over ~10 years prior to 2018. The exact source of Phase 3 magma is beyond the scope of this study, which focuses on the early phase lavas erupted between May 3 rd to May 16 th , so we refer to Phase 3 magma as "dike-supplied" to avoid ambiguity.…”

Section: Chronology Of the 2018 Lerz Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Explosive activity on Kīlauea’s Lower East Rift Zone fuelled by a volatile-rich, dacitic melt

Wieser¹,

Edmonds²,

Gansecki³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magmas with matrix glass compositions ranging from basalt to dacite erupted from a series of 24 fissures in the first two weeks of the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea Volcano. Eruption styles ranged from low spattering and fountaining to strombolian activity. Major element trajectories in matrix glasses and melt inclusions hosted by olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase are consistent with variable amounts of fractional crystallization, with incompatible elements (e.g., Cl, F, H2O) becoming enriched by 4-5 times as melt MgO contents evolve from 6 to 0.5 wt%. The high viscosity and high H2O contents (~2 wt%) of the dacitic melts erupting at Fissure 17 account for the explosive Strombolian behavior exhibited by this fissure, in contrast to the low fountaining and spattering observed at fissures erupting basaltic to basaltic-andesite melts. Saturation pressures calculated from melt inclusions CO2-H2O contents indicate that the magma reservoir(s) supplying these fissures was located at ~2-3 km depth, which is in agreement with the depth of a dacitic magma body intercepted during drilling in 2005 (~2.5 km) and a seismically-imaged low Vp/Vs anomaly (~2 km depth). Nb/Y ratios in erupted products are similar to lavas erupted between 1955-1960, indicating that melts were stored and underwent variable amounts of crystallization in the LERZ for >60 years before being remobilized by a dike intrusion in 2018. We demonstrate that extensive fractional crystallization generates viscous and volatile-rich magma with potential for hazardous explosive eruptions, which may be lurking undetected at many ocean island volcanoes.

show abstract

Section: Identifying Parental Magmasmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Identifying Parental Magmasmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Identifying Parental Magmasmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 98%