Accumulation and depletion of liver copper stores in dairy cows challenged with a Cu-deficient diet and oral and injectable forms of Cu supplementation

Abstract

Changes in concentrations of Cu in liver were readily observed following oral supplementation over a wide range of initial concentrations, whereas these changes could not be detected in serum. The liver is thus a good index of the Cu status of dairy cows.

Diagnosis of the Cu and Se status of dairy cattle in New Zealand: How many samples are needed?

“…The thresholds used were the marginal threshold for Se of 140 nmol/L ( Thompson et al 1998), the deficient threshold for Cu of 45 mmol/kg FW, the marginal threshold for Cu of 95 mmol/kg FW (Balemi et al 2010) and the 300 mmol/kg FW threshold suggested by Ellison (1994) as being sufficient liver Cu reserves for in-calf dairy cattle at the onset of winter.…”

“…For Cu there has been no major changes in the marginal range, except for those that resulted from changing to SI units. This range is from 45 to 95 mmol/kg FW, so is 50 mmol/kg wide (Balemi et al 2010). It has also been shown that in sheep and beef cattle in New Zealand Cu concentrations in liver decrease significantly during the winter.…”

Selenium, copper and iron in veterinary medicine—From clinical implications to scientific models

“…Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and cytochrome c oxidase activities were analysed in peripheral blood leucocytes of cattle showing a distinct reduction in experimentally induced secondary Cu deficiency [13]. However, the liver Cu concentration is the most reliable parameter to characterise the Cu status of farm animals [14,15]. Araya and colleagues postulated the mRNA transcripts of the chaperone of the Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in peripheral mononuclear cells being a reliable diagnostic parameter in human medicine [16].…”

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of copper compounds (E4) as feed additives for all species: cupric chelate of amino acids hydrate, based on a dossier submitted by Zinpro Animal Nutrition Inc.

“…In cattle for fattening, the supplementation of feed with copper (10 mg/kg DM) from 50 % sulphate and 50 % chelated amino acid hydrate did not result in different copper liver levels than those obtained after supplementation with the equivalent dose of copper sulphate only (Ahola et al, 2004). A study on dairy cows showed that oral doses of solutions containing the equivalent of 150 mg Cu/day, either from sulphate or from chelated amino acid hydrate, resulted in significantly different copper deposition in liver compared with control; however, there was no difference in copper liver concentration between cows treated with copper sulphate pentahydrate or copper amino chelate; the rate of copper deposition in liver was influenced by the initial copper concentration in liver (Balemi et al, 2010). In ovariectomised beef cows the supplementation of feed with copper (10 mg/kg DM) from chelated amino acid hydrate or copper sulphate did not lead to significantly different liver levels of copper (Ahola et al, 2005).…”