Accumulation and expression of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in <i>Arcobacter cryaerophilus</i> that thrives in sewage

Millar, Jess A.; Raghavan, Rahul

doi:10.7717/peerj.3269

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…The phylum Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum, followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria in both WWTPs (Figure 1). These data are in agreement with results of previous studies that tested untreated sewage [27,28] and WWTP samples [29] in the United States. This is also in agreement with the study by Zhang et al (2012), in which Proteobacteria were the most abundant phylum at 14 WWTPs in samples collected from Asia (China, Hong Kong, and Singapore) and North America (Canada and the United States) [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Prevalence of Arcobacter has been found to be higher in wastewater compared to other aquatic environments, such as lakes, river, recreational beaches, groundwater, seawater, and drinking water [38]. This is also supported by metagenomic analysis of wastewater samples from various locations where Arcobacter has been detected as one of the most abundant genera [19,27,28]. Arcobacter is ubiquitous in the environment, and this taxon has been associated with both humans and animals and can cause gastroenteritis, septicemia, mastitis, reproductive disorders, and abortion in livestock [22,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Reduction of Arcobacter at Two Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants in Southern Arizona, USA

et al. 2019

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This study aimed to identify the bacterial community in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and to determine the occurrence and reduction of Arcobacter, along with virulence genes (ciaB and pldA). A total of 48 samples (24 influent and 24 effluent) were collected at two WWTPs in southern Arizona in the United States, monthly from August 2011 to July 2012. Bacterial DNA extract was utilized for 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Quantification of Arcobacter 16S rRNA gene was conducted using a recently developed SYBR Green-based quantitative PCR assay. Among 847 genera identified, 113 (13%) were identified as potentially pathogenic bacteria. Arcobacter 16S rRNA gene was detected in all influent samples and ten (83%) and nine (75%) effluent samples at each plant, respectively. Log reduction ratios of Arcobacter 16S rRNA gene in Plant A and Plant B were 1.7 ± 0.9 (n = 10) and 2.3 ± 1.5 (n = 9), respectively. The ciaB gene was detected by quantitative PCR in eleven (92%) and twelve (100%) of 12 influent samples from Plant A and Plant B, respectively, while the pldA gene was detected in eight (67%) and six (50%) influent samples from Plant A and Plant B, respectively. The prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in WWTP effluent indicated the need for disinfection before discharge into the environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Reduction of Arcobacter at Two Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants in Southern Arizona, USA

et al. 2019

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“…The species in this genus have been found to carry several ARGs in their genome, and in our study, the genus harbored the widest range of genes. Recently, a member of this genus common in WWTPs has been found to carry several ARGs (Millar and Raghavan 2017 ). However, there are only 14 genome sequences of Arcobacter in the NCBI genome database (2017–11-22) and their diversity in the environment is largely unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host range of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent

Hultman

Tamminen

Pärnänen

et al. 2018

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

174

100

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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) collect wastewater from various sources for a multi-step treatment process. By mixing a large variety of bacteria and promoting their proximity, WWTPs constitute potential hotspots for the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Concerns have been expressed regarding the potential of WWTPs to spread antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from environmental reservoirs to human pathogens. We utilized epicPCR (Emulsion, Paired Isolation and Concatenation PCR) to detect the bacterial hosts of ARGs in two WWTPs. We identified the host distribution of four resistance-associated genes (tetM, int1, qacEΔ1and blaOXA-58) in influent and effluent. The bacterial hosts of these resistance genes varied between the WWTP influent and effluent, with a generally decreasing host range in the effluent. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, it was determined that the resistance gene carrying bacteria include both abundant and rare taxa. Our results suggest that the studied WWTPs mostly succeed in decreasing the host range of the resistance genes during the treatment process. Still, there were instances where effluent contained resistance genes in bacterial groups not carrying these genes in the influent. By permitting exhaustive profiling of resistance-associated gene hosts in WWTP bacterial communities, the application of epicPCR provides a new level of precision to our resistance gene risk estimates.

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“…In the present study, there were no instances of infectious enteritis due to Arcobacter in the hospital; however, the causative bacteria of infectious enteritis are not easily identi able, except in limited conditions. Arcobacter is detected in WWTP in several countries [68][69][70][71], and the presence of antimicrobial resistant Arcobacter has also been documented [70,72]. E. coli and Klebsiella were not abundant, but were consistently detected, in all sewage tanks of buildings.…”

Section: Metagenomic Analysis Of Tank Ora In Each Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic survey and whole genome sequencing of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the sewage of a Japanese hospital

Katagiri

Kuroda

Sekizuka

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and the transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are a threat to public health. Antibiotics are indispensable therapeutic agents essential for the treatment of infectious diseases; however, inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to the emergence of ARB. It is established that hospitals are closely involved in the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which impedes antibiotic treatment and subsequently increases mortality. In addition, excrement of patients or healthy carriers of ARB are discharged from the hospital sewage through the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) into the rivers, causing an AMR burden on the environment.Method Metagenomic analysis was performed on the hospital sewage samples, followed by whole genome sequencing of the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms (EPOs). A comparative genome analysis was also performed between EPO isolates from sewage and clinical isolates.Results Metagenomic analysis showed that the hospital sewage tanks had bacterial flora corresponding to the human gut. During the study period, the hospital was relocated to a newly constructed building with new sewage tanks; however, the presence of ARB/ARGs in the new hospital sewage tanks became markedly equivalent to that of the old hospital within one month. The ESBL blaCTX−M and carbapenemase blaIMP genes were not much detected in the original hospital sewage samples by metagenome analysis, but selection on CHROMagar ESBL increased the sensitivity to detect those β-lactamase genes. Comparative genome analysis between sewage and clinical EPO isolates revealed partial similarity; however, most EPO isolates exhibited a notable difference (≥ 50) in single nucleotide variations based on core-genome phylogeny. This result suggests that only some of the sewage EPO isolates were originated from the clinical patient. Therapeutic agents in the hospital sewage were analyzed and the concentration of levofloxacin and clarithromycin was 0.0325 and 0.0135 µg/mL, respectively.Conclusions Whole genome analysis between sewage and clinical isolates suggested that healthy or asymptomatic carriers may be involved in the contamination of hospital sewage. Moreover, the hospital sewage tank may serve as a hotspot for the horizontal transfer of ARGs under the selective pressure of antimicrobial agents. Therefore, ARB monitoring in hospital sewage is expected to detect the presence of carriers prior to nosocomial ARB outbreaks. In addition, hospital wastewater should be treated suitably to bring ARB below detectable levels to reduce the environmental AMR burden.

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Accumulation and expression of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Arcobacter cryaerophilus that thrives in sewage

Cited by 30 publications

References 69 publications

Reduction of Arcobacter at Two Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants in Southern Arizona, USA

Reduction of Arcobacter at Two Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants in Southern Arizona, USA

Host range of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent

Metagenomic survey and whole genome sequencing of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the sewage of a Japanese hospital

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