Accumulation and translocation of eight trace metals by the different tissues of Abelmoschus esculentus Moench. irrigated with untreated wastewater

Abstract

Usage of wastewater to irrigate crops increases in Egypt and the whole world as a result of water shortage. This study is conducted to explore the potential of Abelmoschus esculentus Moench. (Okra plant) to accumulate and translocate eight trace metals: lead: Pb, cadmium: Cd, chromium: Cr, copper: Cu, iron: Fe, manganese: Mn, nickel: Ni and zinc: Zn in its different tissues due to irrigation with untreated industrial wastewater. It extended to assess the effect of the irrigation with wastewater on the growth parameters, nutrients, pigments and organic contents of the cultivated okra plants.Two studied sites at South of Cairo was conducted, the rst site (29°42'31.17" N and 31°15'11.56" E); represented by ve cultivated elds irrigated with Nile water (control) and the second site (29°42'37.87" N and 31°17'14.53" E); elds irrigated with e uent receive untreated industrial wastewater. Three composite soil and irrigated water samples were collected from each site. A signi cant decrease in nutrients: nitrogen (N), Potassium (K) and Phosphorous (P) in soil and Plants were resulted due to irrigation with wastewater. Also, there was a signi cant increase in trace metals concentration in both soil and plants irrigated with wastewater. A signi cant decrement in okra growth parameters and leaves photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids) due to irrigation with wastewater. Iron was the highest accumulated metal in the plant's fruits (edible part) irrigated with wastewater.

Risk assessment of trace metals in Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) grown under wastewater irrigation conditions

“…Heavy metals' impact on CO 2 assimilation, either by reducing the activity of the carboxylase enzyme or by reducing the ATP and reductant pool, maybe the cause of the decline in photosynthetic pigments (Singh et al 2016). The same finding was made in Pisum sativum, Abelmoschus esculentus, and Japanese mustard spinach (Galal et al 2021;Ahmed et al 2022). (Abul Kashem and Kawai 2007).…”

“…Additionally, untreated wastewater has high TM concentrations, which contaminates the soil and, as a result, the crops grown in areas that use it for irrigation (Gatta et al 2015). Galal and Shehata (2015), Farahat et al (2017), Ahmed (2020), andAhmed et al (2022) reported the same results.…”

“…When a farm was watered with untreated industrial wastewater, the soil’s pH declined while its salinity (EC) rose, indicating that the soil became more saline (EC = 6.45 S cm −1 ) and somewhat acidic (6.8). Low pH and high salinity increase the availability, mobility, and redistribution of heavy metals in different soil fractions (Ahmed et al 2022 ). The current study found that irrigation with wastewater increased the levels of nutrients and heavy metals.…”

“…The following formula was used to determine the bioaccumulation factor (BF), which assesses a plant’s capacity to accumulate a particular metal in relation to soil concentration: C root and C soil are the corresponding heavy metal concentrations in the root and soil, respectively, and BF = C root /C soil . The translocation factor (TF), where C shoot and C root stand for the heavy metal concentrations in the plant’s shot and root, respectively, analyzes the relative translocation of metal from the plant’s root to the shoot (Ahmed et al 2022 ).…”

“…on Corchorus olitorius,Slima and Ahmed (2020) on Pisum sativum, andAhmed et al (2022) on Abelmoschus esculentus. According toPalma et al (2002), under stress, the protease enzyme's activity rises, leading to increased protein degradation and, eventually, a decrease in the amount of protein in plant tissues Marwari and Khan (2012).…”