Accumulation factors for eleven polychlorinated biphenyl congeners

Ferraro, Steven P.; Lee, Henry; Smith, Lawrence M.; Ozretich, Robert J.; Specht, David T.

doi:10.1007/bf01691949

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…An additional study by Drouillard et al (2008) For N. virens, the 28-d and steady-state BSAFs were similar among congeners and between the Arthur Kill and Newark Bay sediment exposures ( Figure 16). The BSAFs obtained in this study were lower overall compared to previously reported values (0.19-1.41) (Pruell et al 1993 Ferraro et al 1990Ferraro et al , 1991Brannon et al 1993;Pruell et al 1993;Boese et al 1995Boese et al , 1996. Overall, the BSAFs obtained in this study for M. nasuta were lower compared to previously reported values.…”

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs)contrasting

confidence: 87%

Determining Steady-state Tissue Residues for Invertebrates in Contaminated Sediment

Kennedy¹,

Lotufo²,

Steevens³

et al. 2010

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Risk assessment of contaminated sediments often involves quantification of compounds in tissues via laboratory bioaccumulation exposures of benthic invertebrates. However, the standard 28-day exposure duration may not be adequately long for some compounds to reach steady state, defined as a stable concentration in exposed organisms. Steady-state tissue residues can be estimated using uptake and elimination rate constants. Experiments were conducted using two marine sediments from New York Harbor to assess bioaccumulation of PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, dioxins, and Hg by sampling tissue during seven successive time points over an exposure of 56 days for the polychaete worm Nereis virens and 119 days for the clam Macoma nasuta. Exposure time required to attain steady state was organism and compound specific. Generally, N. virens tissues reached steady state more rapidly and accumulated higher contaminant residues. Nereis virens attained apparent steady state within roughly 28 days for PAHs, Hg, and most PCBs, but longer exposure was needed for some dioxins and pesticides. Steady state in M. nasuta was generally attained after 28 days of exposure for most compounds (some times after 100 days). Thus, some 28-day tissue residues may underestimate bioaccumulation and subsequently risk to benthos and higher trophic level organisms. The results of this study allow development of site-specific correction factors for estimating steady-state residues from 28-day exposures.

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Section: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs)contrasting

confidence: 87%

Determining Steady-state Tissue Residues for Invertebrates in Contaminated Sediment

Kennedy¹,

Lotufo²,

Steevens³

et al. 2010

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“…BSAFs have also been used to compare bioaccumulation across different species and sites, which is further based on the assumption that these factors are independent of species, type of sediment, organic carbon, and contaminant. The present study, and work by others, suggests that these assumptions are not always valid [5,9,16,[29][30][31][32]. Indeed, it has been shown that different fractions of TOC, black carbon in particular, can enhance sorption and decrease bioavailability of contaminants, especially with planar compounds such as PAHs or PCDD/Fs [33][34][35].…”

Section: Comparison: Laboratory and Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Validation of Ontario's new laboratory‐based bioaccumulation methods with in situ field data

Geest

Poirier

Sibley

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-To validate the standardization of a laboratory protocol for measuring bioaccumulation, laboratory-derived tissue residues and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were compared with historical field data from nine sites in Ontario, Canada. As a result of temporal discontinuity between the field and the laboratory studies, a priori considerations, such as changes in site conditions or concentrations of contaminants in sediment, were necessary to assess whether to compare absolute or relative measures of bioaccumulation. For the majority of sites, BSAFs for field-collected and laboratory-exposed fish were within a factor of 2. Biotasediment accumulation factors for laboratory-exposed oligochaetes were typically greater than those for mussels caged in the field, by a factor of 2 to 9. Overall, the laboratory methods for all species generally overestimated the relative bioavailability of contaminants compared with field conditions by a factor of 1.1 to 9.2. Other than the great disparity observed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) between field and laboratory studies, on average the laboratory-derived BSAFs with Pimephales promelas and Lumbriculus variegatus overestimated those from field-collected fish and field-exposed mussels by factors of 1.6 and 3.6, respectively. The laboratory method reflects a potentially worst-case exposure scenario and provides an appropriately conservative estimate of bioaccumulation. Laboratory-based estimates can be comparable to bioaccumulation data from the field but may be confounded by species-specific differences in routes of exposure and bioaccumulation of certain compounds or other environmental and biological factors that should be considered in these comparisons. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:950-958. # 2011 SETAC

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“…Therefore, direct measurement of standard BSAFs in depositfeeding invertebrates that have either been collected from the site of concern or were exposed in the laboratory to sediment collected from that site is still the most cost-effective way of assessing the risk associated with bioaccumulation. However, the results of this and other studies [1,2,5,6,8,9] suggest that using a BSAF value of 1.7 as a maximum is of questionable value in predicting PCB BSAFs.…”

Section: Gut Bsafsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…McFarland and Clarke [4], using the empirical relationship between the organic carbon/water partition coefficient (K oc ) and lipid-normalized bioconcentration factors in fish, estimated the maximum BSAF for neutral organic compounds to be about 1.7 if equilibrium partitioning was the only factor. However, BSAFs determined on highly lipophilic and metabolically refractory contaminants have been shown to exceed 1.7, especially when the sediments tested had low contaminant and TOC contents [1,2,[5][6][7][8][9] A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that, in sediment-ingesting organisms, chemical partitioning also occurs in the digestive tract, an environment that may alter sediment-totissue equilibrium. We have previously shown that as a result of selective deposit feeding, the infaunal clam Macoma nasuta * To whom correspondence may be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of PCB and hexachlorobenzene biota‐sediment accumulation factors based on ingested sediment in a deposit‐feeding clam

Boese

Lee

Specht

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Contaminated sediment exposure experiments were conducted using a marine deposit‐feeding clam (Macoma nasuta) to determine biota‐sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) based on ingested sediment and fecal organic carbon. Internal, or gut, BSAFs were determined for hexachlorobenzene and 13 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and were compared to those found with the standard method of calculating BSAFs, which uses the organic carbon and contaminant concentration of the whole or external sediment. The results of these experiments indicated that gut BSAFs were consistently smaller and less variable across sediment types than the corresponding standard BSAFs. Although these results indicate that using ingested sediment concentrations and fecal total organic carbon to calculate gut BSAFs might improve the predictive ability of the standard BSAF model, the benefit is small when compared to the difficulty in measuring the contaminant concentration on ingested sediment and the organic carbon content of feces.

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Accumulation factors for eleven polychlorinated biphenyl congeners

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Determining Steady-state Tissue Residues for Invertebrates in Contaminated Sediment

Determining Steady-state Tissue Residues for Invertebrates in Contaminated Sediment

Validation of Ontario's new laboratory‐based bioaccumulation methods with in situ field data

Evaluation of PCB and hexachlorobenzene biota‐sediment accumulation factors based on ingested sediment in a deposit‐feeding clam

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