Accumulation in embryogenesis of five mRNAs enriched in the ectoderm of the sea urchin pluteus

Bruskin, Arthur M.; Tyner, Angela L.; Wells, Dan E.; Showman, Richard M.; Klein, William H.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(81)90154-8

Cited by 110 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the sea urchin embryo one such unidentified protein, termed Spec 3, which is expressed exclusively in the ectoderm of pluteus larvae (Bruskin et al 1981), is encoded by a mRNA that is expressed in the blastula concurrently with B 1, f~2, and f~3 mRNAs and affected by zinc animalization in the same way as these mRNAs (Nemer 1986). The Spec 3 mRNA recently has been shown to be induced coordinately with f3-tubulin mRNA in response to deciliation with hypertonic seawater (Eldon et al…”

Section: Coordinate and Selective Expression Of Fl-tubulin Genes Assomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The XbaI-TaqI fragment (590 bp) of pSpBcl0, previously shown to be indistinguishable from the Spec 1 clones of Bruskin et al (1981 was subcloned into XbaI-AccI-digested SP65. HindIII-digested pSP65-~l 3', HindIII-digested pSP65-Specl, and EcoRI-digested pSP64-[31 coding were used to synthesize run-off transcripts as antisense probes with SP6 RNA polymerase, as described in Harlow and Nemer (1987a).…”

Section: Synthesis and Isolation Of Rna Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coordinate and selective beta-tubulin gene expression associated with cilium formation in sea urchin embryos.

Harlow¹,

Nemer²

1987

Genes Dev.

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13-Tubulin mRNAs associated with cilium formation in Strongylocentrotus purpurpatus sea urchin embryos are expressed selectively from a multiple gene family. The accumulations of three 13-tubulin mRNAs (131, 132, and 133) are temporally coordinated with ciliogenesis during blastula development and with the regeneration of cilia after their amputation. In contrast, another 13-tubulin mRNA, 134, is not induced in either case. The zincanimalized embryo with its exaggerated blastula phenotype forms longer cilia through a protracted period of ciliogenesis, in which the 13-tubulin mRNAs, principally 131, accumulate to higher than normal levels. The rate of 13-tubulin transcription per nucleus in the animalized embryo is greater than that of the normal embryo and is not changed through deciliation, although the tubulin mRNAs accumulate to higher levels. However, deciliation raises the 13-tubulin transcription rate in the normal embryo to that in the animalized embryo. Thus, the induction of 13-tubulin mRNA by cilium amputation is regulated transcriptionally in the normal embryo, but post-transcriptionally in the zinc-animalized embryos. Moreover, the 13-tubulin genes that are expressed in association with cilium formation appear to be induced selectively within the framework of ectodermal celltype specificity.

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Section: Coordinate and Selective Expression Of Fl-tubulin Genes Assomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis and Isolation Of Rna Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinate and selective beta-tubulin gene expression associated with cilium formation in sea urchin embryos.

Harlow¹,

Nemer²

1987

Genes Dev.

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“…These transcripts code for various types of protein including proteins of the troponin C family (Bruskin et al, 1981), extracellular matrix proteins (Angerer et al, 1988;Nocente-McGrath et al, 1989), cytoskeletal actins (Lee et al, 1986), homeodomain containing proteins (Dolecki et al, 1986), cell surface proteins (Yang et al, 1989a), proteins involved in the building of the skeleton or specific to the micromere lineage (Grant et al, 1985;Benson et al, 1987;Harkey et al, 1988) and EGF-related proteins (Yang et al, 1989b). However, nearly all the transcripts so far characterized are specific to the late stages such as the mesenchyme blastula, gastrula or pluteus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early expression of a collagenase-like hatching enzyme gene in the sea urchin embryo.

1990

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“…This activation has been observed directly by several approaches. Many new proteins are observed on two-dimensional gels at this time (3), about 200 new mRNA sequences appear in the moderately abundant mRNA population after the blastula stage (35; M. Boardman and T. Humphreys, manuscript in preparation), actin mRNAs studied with molecular clones of actin genes increase in amount in the early blastula (9), and recently, five ectoderm-specific sequences which appear at the blastula stage have been isolated by molecular cloning (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning of five individual stage- and tissue-specific mRNA sequences from sea urchin pluteus embryos.

Fregien¹,

Dolecki²,

Mandel³

et al. 1983

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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Five developmentally regulated sea urchin mRNA sequences which increase in abundance between the blastula and pluteus stages of development were isolated by molecular cloning of cDNA. The regulated sequences all appeared in moderately abundant mRNA molecules of pluteus cells and represented 4% of the clones tested. There were no regulated sequences detected in the 40% of the clones which hybridized to the most abundant mRNA, and the screening procedures were inadequate to detect possible regulation in the 20 to 30% of the clones presumably derived from rare-class mRNA. The reaction of 32P[cDNA] from blastula and pluteus mRNA to dots of the cloned DNAs on nitrocellulose filters indicated that the mRNAs complementary to the different cloned pluteus-specific sequences were between 3-and 47-fold more prevalent at the pluteus stage than at the blastula stage. Polyadenylated RNA from different developmental stages was transferred from electrophoretic gels to nitrocellulose filters and reacted to the different cloned sequences. The regulated mRNAs were undetectable in the RNA of 3-h embryos, became evident at the hatching blastula stage, and reached a maximum in abundance by the gastrula or pluteus stage. Certain of the clones reacted to two sizes of mRNA which did not vary coordinately with development. Transfers of RNA isolated from each of the three cell layers of pluteus embryos that were reacted to the cloned sequences revealed that two of the sequences were found in the mRNA of all three layers, two were ectoderm specific, and one was endoderm specific. Four of the regulated sequences were complementary to one or two major bands and one to at least 50 bands on Southern transfers of restriction endonuclease-digested total sea urchin DNA.The sea urchin embryo appears to be one of the most accessible developmental systems for studying the molecular events of cell type determination during early embryogenesis. After fertilization, eggs divide into a number of cells whose developmental fate is fixed somewhat before they differentiate into the various cell types. Most of the cells in the sea urchin embryo contribute to the three layers of the relatively simple pluteus larva: the ectodermal covering, the skeletal-forming mesenchyme, and the gut. These differentiated tissues function during the 1 to several months of larval life. The actual sea urchin emerges at metamorphosis after it has grown from a few cells set aside during embryogenesis for its development.Despite the simplicity of the system and the numerous molecular studies on sea urchin embryos, these larval tissues have not received much attention as specialized cells synthesizing cell type-specific proteins. The major reason has been that there is no evidence of very abundant With the advent of molecular cloning, it has become possible to define, isolate, and study genes coding for proteins produced only in limited abundance, including putative specialized proteins of the three cell layers of the pluteus. Clones of mRNA and genomic sequences which code for sev...

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Accumulation in embryogenesis of five mRNAs enriched in the ectoderm of the sea urchin pluteus

Cited by 110 publications

References 20 publications

Coordinate and selective beta-tubulin gene expression associated with cilium formation in sea urchin embryos.

Coordinate and selective beta-tubulin gene expression associated with cilium formation in sea urchin embryos.

Early expression of a collagenase-like hatching enzyme gene in the sea urchin embryo.

Molecular cloning of five individual stage- and tissue-specific mRNA sequences from sea urchin pluteus embryos.

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