Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Coronary Arteries of Thai Subjects

Tohno, Yoshiyuki; Tohno, Setsuko; Mahakkanukrauh, Pasuk; Minami, Takeshi; Sinthubua, Apichat; Suwannahoy, Patipath; Khanpetch, Pongsak; Azuma, Cho

doi:10.1007/s12011-011-9189-4

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…These arteries ensure adequate blood supply to maintain the electrical properties in the heart. It is well known that a high accumulation of Ca and P occurs in the proximal sites of the LAD, left coronary artery (LCA), RCA, and left circumflex artery (LCX) with aging [1][2][3]. For example, Montenegro and Eggen [1] studied the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions along the axis of the coronary artery (topography) and the relationship of topography to concepts of pathogenesis, and reported that a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions in isolated coronary arteries occurred from the first to second centimeter of both the LAD and the RCA, with a decrease in prevalence from 3 cm onward in the LAD and from 5 cm onward in the RCA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slight Increases of Phosphorus and Sulfur in Human First Septal Perforator Branches of the Left Anterior Descending Artery with Aging

Yoshiyuki¹,

Tohno²,

Minami³

et al. 2020

Int Arch Vasc Med

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To elucidate age-related changes of the first septal perforator branch (FSB), the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the FSBs by direct chemical analysis. In addition, the effects of different arterial sizes and genders on element accumulation were investigated in the FSBs. Sixty-two formalin-fixed adult Thai hearts were used and the FSBs were carefully dissected in the hearts. After the arteries were incinerated with nitric acid and perchloric acid, element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. It was found that both the P and S contents increased significantly in the FSBs with aging, but five element contents such as Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Na did not change significantly with aging. Regarding the relationships among Ca, P, and Mg contents, no significant direct correlations were found in the FSBs, except for an extremely significant direct correlation between Ca and Mg contents. No gender differences and effect of arterial size were found in age-related changes of Ca and P contents in the FSBs. To elucidate whether calcification occurred in the FSBs in old age, both the mass ratios of Ca/P and Mg/Ca were estimated in the FSBs. The mass ratio of Ca/P increased progressively in the FSBs with Ca increase, being not constant. The mass ratio of Mg/Ca decreased gradually in the FSBs with Ca increase, but the average mass ratio of Mg/Ca was moderate, being 8.0 ± 1.3%. These results indicated that calcification scarcely occurred in the FSBs in old age, independently of gender and arterial size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slight Increases of Phosphorus and Sulfur in Human First Septal Perforator Branches of the Left Anterior Descending Artery with Aging

Yoshiyuki¹,

Tohno²,

Minami³

et al. 2020

Int Arch Vasc Med

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Different Accumulation of Elements in Proximal and Distal Parts of the Left Anterior Descending Artery Beneath the Myocardial Bridge

Tohno

Minami

et al. 2015

Biol Trace Elem Res

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To elucidate the action of the myocardial bridge (MB) on the coronary artery, the authors first prepared the hearts with the MB located in the middle one third of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and then investigated element accumulation in the LAD artery of the hearts with the MB by direct chemical analysis. Eighty-four formalin-fixed adult Thai hearts were dissected and the MBs were found in 39 of 84 hearts with a total of 44 MBs. The 37 MBs were located in the middle one third of the LAD artery. To examine the action of the MB on element accumulation in the LAD artery, the hearts with the MB which was located in the middle one third of the LAD artery and was longer than 1.5 cm were used as Materials. The left main coronary (LMC) and LAD arteries were removed from these hearts successively and the isolated arteries were divided into eight to ten segments. After incineration of arteries with nitric acid and perchloric acid, seven element contents of Ca, P, S, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Na were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. To examine the endothelial changes of the LAD artery, the inner surface of segments of the LAD artery was observed by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the extent of accumulation of Ca, P, Zn, and Na was not uniform throughout the LAD artery and was higher in the proximal part than in the distal part with regard to the LAD artery beneath the MB (the tunneled LAD artery). The extent of accumulation of Ca, P, Zn, and Na in the proximal part of the tunneled LAD artery was similar to that in the segments proximal to the MB, whereas the extent of accumulation of Ca, P, Zn, and Na in the distal part of the tunneled LAD artery was similar to that in the segments distal to the MB.

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Scarce Occurrence of Calcification in Human Sinoatrial Nodal Arteries in Old Age

Tohno

Quiggins

et al. 2017

Biol Trace Elem Res

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To elucidate age-related changes of the sinoatrial (sinuatrial) nodal (SAN) artery, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the SAN artery by direct chemical analysis. In addition, the effects of different arterial origins, arterial sizes, and genders on element accumulation were investigated in the SAN artery. Fifty-nine formalin-fixed adult Thai hearts were dissected, and the following three types of the SAN artery were found: The first type was a single SAN artery arising from the right coronary artery (RCA). The second type was a single SAN artery arising from the proximal segment of the left circumflex artery (LCX). The third type was dual SAN artery arising from both the RCA and the LCX. For element analysis, both 41 single SAN arteries arising from the RCA and the LCX and 18 larger branches of dual SAN artery were used. After the arteries were incinerated with nitric acid and perchloric acid, element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. It was found that seven element contents such as Ca, P, S, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Na did not change significantly in the SAN arteries with aging. Regarding the relationships among seven elements in the SAN arteries, extremely significant direct correlations were found among P, S, Mg, and Fe contents with one exception. However, no significant correlations were found between Ca and either P or Mg contents in the SAN arteries. To examine an effect of the different arterial origins on element accumulation, the SAN arteries were separated into the RCA and the LCX groups by the arterial origin and age-related changes of element contents were compared between two groups. It was found that there were no significant differences between the RCA and the LCX groups in age-related changes of Ca and P contents. No gender differences were found in age-related changes of Ca and P contents in the SAN arteries. To elucidate whether calcification occurred in the SAN arteries in old age, both the mass ratios of Ca/P and Mg/Ca were estimated in the SAN arteries. The mass ratio of Ca/P increased progressively in the SAN arteries with Ca increase, being not constant. The mass ratio of Mg/Ca decreased gradually in the SAN arteries with Ca increase, but the average mass ratio of Mg/Ca was very high, being 49.4 ± 16.5%. These results indicated that calcification scarcely occurred in the SAN arteries in old age, independently of the arterial origin and gender.

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Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Coronary Arteries of Thai Subjects

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Slight Increases of Phosphorus and Sulfur in Human First Septal Perforator Branches of the Left Anterior Descending Artery with Aging

Slight Increases of Phosphorus and Sulfur in Human First Septal Perforator Branches of the Left Anterior Descending Artery with Aging

Different Accumulation of Elements in Proximal and Distal Parts of the Left Anterior Descending Artery Beneath the Myocardial Bridge

Scarce Occurrence of Calcification in Human Sinoatrial Nodal Arteries in Old Age

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