Accumulation of Chorio-retinotoxic Drugs in the Foetal Eye

The absorption, distribution and elimination of I4C-labelled sarafloxacin hydrochloride were studied by means of whole-body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. The drug was administered to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, cod Gadus morhua and turbot Scophthalmus maximus, either intravenously or orally in a single dose of 9.6 (3.57) and 9.7 (3.44) mg kg-' (MBq kg-') respectively. The Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout and cod were held in seawater at a temperature of 7.9 f 0.2"C, and the turbot at 12.1 + l . l°C . In the intravenously dosed groups, the drug was rapidly distributed to all major tissues and organs except the central nervous system. After the distribution phase, the levels of radioactivity were higher in most organs and tissues than in blood The most noticeable differences between the species were the lower levels of radioactivity in the Liver, and the higher levels in the muscle tissue, of cod compared to the salmonids. lncomplete absorption was observed following oral administration of sarafloxacin to Atlantic salmon. rainbow trout and turbot. Most of the radioactivity remained in the gastrointestinal tract, high levels of radioactivity othenvise being observed only in the bile and to a certain extent in the liver. The maximum sarafloxacin concentrations (C,,,,,) in blood were calculated to be 0.60, 0.16 and 0.22 pg ml-' for Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout and turbot respectively. In cod a significant degree of absorption took place, with high levels of radioactivity being detected in all major organs and tissues for the first 4 d after administration. The C,,, in blood was calculated to be 2.18 yg ml-l In all 4 species tested, traces of radioactivity remained in the kidney, and also to some extent in the skin, during the excretion phase.

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“…The technique is especially valuable for the detection of drug residues in minute anatomical structures (Ullberg et al 1970).…”

Section: Information Concerning the Pharmacokinetic Properties And CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition of 14C-sarafloxacin in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. cod Gadus morhua and turbot Scophthalmus maximus, as demonstrated by means of whole-body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting

Martinsen¹,

Horsberg²,

Ingebrigtsen³

et al. 1994

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…DH-ergonine and, to a lesser degree, DH-ergo cornine were accumulated in choroidea and iris; this depends on the melanine content of these tissues, as melanine is known to be a storage site of many drugs (Meier-Ruge, \912\Lindqvist et a l, \91Q\Potts, 1962;Ullberg et al, 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation, after Single and Repeated Application of Radioactive Labelled DH-Ergot Alkaloids in Different Organs of the Cat, with Special Reference to the Brain

Iwangoff¹,

Enz²,

Meier‐Ruge³

1978

Gerontology

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1 h after intravenous administration, ³H-DH-ergot alkaloids showed maximal uptake in the range of 10^-5M in various visceral organs, and of 10^-7M in most parts of the CNS of the cat. The clearance function in both groups of tissues was logarithmical linear, the slope of the straight line for the parts of the CNS being considerably flatter. Repeated administration of these drugs demonstrated a higher retention in the CNS than in the other organs. The single-dose level in the CNS is reinforced and, in contrast to liver and lung, maintained for at least 24 h.

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“…It is known that phenothiazines are con centrated in uvea of eyes (10,21,22), and that a long-term administration of phenothiazines (23,24) or chloroquine (25) injures uvea and retina. One of the mechanisms of the injury is considered to be the association of these drugs with melanin in eyes (10,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavin and Melanin in Cat and Dog Choroids

Matsui

Yanagiya

1973

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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The association of RF2 with melanin from cat and dog choroids was shown by dialysis and spectrophotometric methods. The association obeyed Freundlich's isotherm, and RF was liberated from RF-melanin complex by gel chromatography and by addition of CPZ. The liberation of flavin from cat choroid was not affected by Pronase treatment, though that from kidney was accelerated. It was also shown that flavins in cat choroid are not degraded by illumination. From above findings it was deduced that most of flavin in cat and dog choroids is associated with melanin.In previous reports we found that the flavin content in cat choroid was related to the presence of melanin (1), and that the extraction of flavin from cat choroid was apparently more difficult than from liver and kidney (2). Similar relation was also reported by Aso et al. (3) in human and animal skin and hair, and it is well known that flavin associates with many aromatic compounds (4). In this report we show that RF associates with melanin and that flavin in the choroids is in associated form with melanin.

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Accumulation of Chorio-retinotoxic Drugs in the Foetal Eye

Cited by 114 publications

References 6 publications

Disposition of 14C-sarafloxacin in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. cod Gadus morhua and turbot Scophthalmus maximus, as demonstrated by means of whole-body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting

Disposition of 14C-sarafloxacin in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. cod Gadus morhua and turbot Scophthalmus maximus, as demonstrated by means of whole-body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting

Incorporation, after Single and Repeated Application of Radioactive Labelled DH-Ergot Alkaloids in Different Organs of the Cat, with Special Reference to the Brain

Flavin and Melanin in Cat and Dog Choroids

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