Accumulation of Explosives in Hair

Oxley, Jimmie C.; Smith, James L.; Kirschenbaum, Louis J.; Shinde, Kajal; Marimganti, Suvarna

doi:10.1520/jfs2004545

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The peroxide explosive, TATP, required much higher amounts (1.9–3.9 μg) on the hair (∼0.05 g) before it was detected by the IMS in E‐mode, but was detectable at much lower amounts (<0.8 μg sorbed to ∼0.05 g hair) in N‐mode. Based on the previous work (5), the total accumulation of explosive in ∼0.05 g of Asian hair exposed to TNT vapor for 48 h was c. 0.35 μg. The direct swabbing of these samples accumulates only a relatively small amount of the TNT deposited on the hair fibers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…However, TATP was not easily detected. Both TATP and EGDN have relatively high vapor pressures at room temperature (0.05-0.07 torr) (5). Although high vapor pressures imply the potential for high vapor densities of the explosives surrounding the hair, it also contributes to a driving force favoring desorption of these explosives from the hair surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Explosives in Hair Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Oxley

Smith

Kirschenbaum

et al. 2008

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Conventional explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerin (NG), and ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) sorbed to hair can be directly detected by an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) in E-mode (for explosives). Terrorist explosive, triacetone triperoxide (TATP), difficult to detect by IMS in E-mode, was detected in N-mode (for narcotics). Three modes of sample introduction to IMS vapor desorption unit were used: (i) placement of hair directly into the unit, (ii) swabbing of hair and placement of swabs (i.e., paper GE-IMS sample traps) into the unit, and (iii) acetonitrile extracts of hair positioned on sample traps and placed into the unit. TNT, NG, and EGDN were detected in E-mode by all three sample introduction methods. TATP could only be detected by the acetonitrile extraction method after exposure of the hair to vapor for 16 days because of lower sensitivity. With standard solutions, TATP detection in E-mode required about 10 times as much sample as EGDN (3.9 mug compared with 0.3 mug). IMS in N-mode detected TATP from hair by all three modes of sample introduction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Explosives in Hair Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Oxley

Smith

Kirschenbaum

et al. 2008

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…SPME followed by GC/MS has been applied to the analysis of ammonium nitrate-based explosives (282). The sorption of explosives TNT, RDX, PETN, and TATP to hair during exposure to their vapors has been examined (283). GC/MS has been employed for the analysis of organic explosives using electon impact and negative ion chemical ionization (284).…”

Section: Trace Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Science

Brettell¹,

Butler

Saferstein³

2005

Anal. Chem.

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“…We had previously noted that, in general, black hair sorbed all explosives better than brown or blond hair (1,2). Individual variations in hair’s sorption ability were observed across all explosives tested, that is, if one sample of hair sorbed an explosive poorly, it sorbed all explosives poorly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Accumulation of Explosives in Hair—Part 3: Binding Site Study*

Oxley¹,

Smith²,

Kirschenbaum³

et al. 2012

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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This study extends previous work on the sorption of explosives to the hair matrix. Specifically, we have studied the interaction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and triacetone triperoxide (TATP) as a function of chemical pretreatment with acetonitrile, neutral and alkaline hydrogen peroxide, methanolic KOH and potassium permanganate, and the morphological changes that accompany these treatments. While differences in vapor pressure can account for quantitative differences between TNT and TATP sorption, both are markedly affected by the chemical rinses. Examination of the hair surface shows different degrees of smoothening following rinsing, suggesting that the attachment to hair is largely a surface phenomenon involving the 18-methyleicosanoic acid lipid layer. Density functional theory calculations were employed to explore possible nucleation sites of TATP microcrystals on the hair. We conclude that some of the sites on melanin granular surfaces may support nucleation of TATP microcrystals. Moreover, the calculations support the experimental finding that dark hair adsorbs explosives better than light hair.

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Accumulation of Explosives in Hair

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Detection of Explosives in Hair Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Detection of Explosives in Hair Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Forensic Science

Accumulation of Explosives in Hair—Part 3: Binding Site Study*

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