Accumulation of high magnitude acceleration events predicts cerebrovascular reactivity changes in female high school soccer athletes

Svaldi, Diana Otero; Joshi, Chetas; McCuen, Emily C.; Music, Jacob; Hannemann, Robert E.; Leverenz, Larry J.; Nauman, Eric A.; Talavage, Thomas M.

doi:10.1007/s11682-018-9983-0

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, prior research from our group has shown the PCA NVC response remains unchanged following a full season of elite contact-sport participation (13), and is disrupted following acute sport-related concussions (12). Consistent with this notion are the findings from Svaldi et al (45,46) who have examined cerebrovascular reactivity responses to carbon dioxide using magnetic resonance imaging measures (MRI) in female high school and collegiate soccer players. They used MRI scans at pre-season, during the first 5 weeks of the season, in the second half of the season and 1-2 months after the completion of the season while also tracking head impact exposures with the xPatch (22,45) and demonstrated deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity in those participants with the highest cumulative accumulation of linear head impacts (those experiencing 14,487 g vs. 4,511 g over the season).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Consistent with this notion are the findings from Svaldi et al (45,46) who have examined cerebrovascular reactivity responses to carbon dioxide using magnetic resonance imaging measures (MRI) in female high school and collegiate soccer players. They used MRI scans at pre-season, during the first 5 weeks of the season, in the second half of the season and 1-2 months after the completion of the season while also tracking head impact exposures with the xPatch (22,45) and demonstrated deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity in those participants with the highest cumulative accumulation of linear head impacts (those experiencing 14,487 g vs. 4,511 g over the season). In conjunction with the current findings, these results suggest soccer heading can dysregulate CBF control mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Additionally, we only included male participants which limits the generalizability of our findings, as female soccer athletes sustain a greater rate of concussions per game played than male soccer athletes (53). Furthermore, females have been shown to have deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide associated with increases in head impact exposures (45,46,54). The research question and study design precluded the blinding of participants to exposure condition during each testing session.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Acute Bout of Soccer Heading Subtly Alters Neurovascular Coupling Metrics

et al. 2020

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The current investigation examined how a bout of soccer heading may impact brain function. Design: Semi-randomized crossover cohort. Setting: Controlled soccer heading. Participants: Seven male soccer players (24.1 ± 1.5 years). Intervention: 40 successful soccer headers were performed in 20 min (25 m, launch velocity ∼80 km/h). X2 xPatch recorded linear and rotational head accelerations during each impact. A contact control "sham" condition-ball made body contact, but not by the head; and a no activity time "control" condition were also completed. Main Outcome Measures: Posterior and middle cerebral artery (PCA and MCA, respectively), cerebral blood velocity (CBV) was recorded during a visual task (neurovascular coupling: NVC) alongside SCAT3 symptoms scores pre/post a controlled bout of soccer heading. Results: Cumulative linear and rotational accelerations were 1,574 ± 97.9 g and 313,761 ± 23,966 rads/s 2 , respectively, during heading and changes in SCAT3 symptom number (pre: 2.6 ± 3.0; post: 6.7 ± 6.2, p = 0.13) and severity (pre: 3.7 ± 3.6, post: 9.4 ± 7.6, p = 0.11) were unchanged. In the PCA, no NVC differences were observed, including: relative CBV increase (28.0 ± 7.6%, p = 0.71) and total activation (188.7 ± 68.1 cm, p = 0.93). However, MCA-derived NVC metrics were blunted following heading, demonstrating decreased relative CBV increase (7.8 ± 3.1%, p = 0.03) and decreased total activation (26.7 ± 45.3 cm, p = 0.04).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Acute Bout of Soccer Heading Subtly Alters Neurovascular Coupling Metrics

et al. 2020

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“…For example, NIRS can provide real-time cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) measurements on the football field, as chronic brain damage has prompted concern for contact sport athletes. [27][28][29] Also, NIRS can provide bedside CVR measurements for immobile elderly people. 30,31 However, results from CI tasks have been inconsistent; this may be due to physiological noise coming from skin and skull.…”

Section: -3 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing near‐infrared spectroscopy signal under hypercapnia

Yang

Liang

Vike

et al. 2020

Journal of Biophotonics

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Vasoactive stress tests (i.e. hypercapnia, elevated partial pressure of arterial CO 2 [PaCO 2 ]) are commonly used in functional MRI (fMRI), to induce cerebral blood flow changes and expose hidden perfusion deficits in the brain. Compared with fMRI, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an alternative low-cost, real-time, and non-invasive tool, which can be applied in out-of-hospital settings. To develop and optimize vasoactive stress tests for NIRS, several hypercapniainduced tasks were tested using concurrent-NIRS/fMRI on healthy subjects. The results indicated that the cerebral and extracerebral reactivity to elevated PaCO 2 depended on the rate of the CO 2 increase. A steep increase resulted in different cerebral and extracerebral reactivities, leading to unpredictable NIRS measurements compared with fMRI. However, a ramped increase, induced by ramped-CO 2 inhalation or breath-holding tasks, induced synchronized cerebral, and extracerebral reactivities, resulting in consistent NIRS and fMRI measurements. These results demonstrate that only tasks that increase PaCO 2 gradually can produce reliable NIRS results.

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“…It must be noted that an official diagnosis of concussion is not required for athletes to exhibit substantial changes in brain structure and function that are detectable with a range of assessment tools [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Recent work suggests that some aspect of cumulative exposure is the primary risk factor in the development of pathological neurophysiological changes accrued throughout the season in contact sports [11,16,[18][19][20] and that impacts exceeding 50g may be particularly dangerous [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting peak impact force during soccer headers and implications for the mitigation of head injuries

et al. 2020

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It has been documented that up to 22% of all soccer injuries are concussions. This is in part due to players purposely using their head to direct the ball during play. To provide a more complete understanding of head trauma in soccer athletes, this study characterized the effects of four soccer ball characteristics (size, inflation pressure, mass, velocity) on the resulting peak impact force as it relates to the potential for incurring neurophysiological changes. A total of six hundred trials were performed on size 4 and 5 soccer balls as well as a novel lightweight soccer ball. Impact force was measured with a force plate and ball velocity was determined using motion capture. These data were used, in conjunction with dimensional analysis to relate impact force to ball size, mass, velocity, and pressure. Reasonable reductions in allowable ball parameters resulted in a 19.7% decrease in peak impact force. Adjustments to ball parameters could reduce a high cumulative peak translational acceleration soccer athlete down into a previously defined safer low loading range. In addition, it was noted that water absorption by soccer balls can result in masses that substantially increase impact force and quickly surpass the NCAA weight limit for game play. Additional research is required to determine whether varying soccer ball characteristics will enable soccer players to avoid persistent neurophysiological deficits or what additional interventions may be necessary and the legal implications of these data are discussed.

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Accumulation of high magnitude acceleration events predicts cerebrovascular reactivity changes in female high school soccer athletes

Abstract: Accumulation of high magnitude acceleration events predicts cerebrovascular reactivity changes in female high school soccer athletes. Brain imaging and behavior, 1-11.

Cited by 31 publications

References 54 publications

An Acute Bout of Soccer Heading Subtly Alters Neurovascular Coupling Metrics

An Acute Bout of Soccer Heading Subtly Alters Neurovascular Coupling Metrics

Characterizing near‐infrared spectroscopy signal under hypercapnia

Factors affecting peak impact force during soccer headers and implications for the mitigation of head injuries

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