Accumulation of organic carbon in chernozems (Mollisols) under shelterbelts in Russia and the United States

Chendev, Yu. G.; Геннадиев, А. Н.; Novykh, L. L.; Petin, A. N.; Petina, V. I.; Заздравных, Е. А.; Burras, C. Lee

doi:10.1134/s1064229315010032

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In this study, we compiled soil C storage data from several field sites comparing land use systems in Russia and United States (Chendev et al, 2015a(Chendev et al, , 2015b in conjunction with published (Hernandez-Ramirez et al, 2011) and newly-available soil 13 C isotope data. Based on https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-5 Preprint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear turnover rates of soil carbon following cultivation of native grasslands and subsequent afforestation of croplands

Hernandez‐Ramirez¹,

Chendev²,

Геннадиев³

2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Land use conversions can strongly impact soil organic matter (SOM) storage, which creates paramount opportunities for sequestering atmospheric carbon into the soil. It is known that land uses such as annual cropping and afforestation can decrease and increase SOM, respectively; however, the rates of these changes over time remain elusive. This study focused on extracting the kinetics (k) of turnover rates that describe these long-term changes in soil C storage and also quantifying the sources of soil C. We used topsoil organic carbon density and δ13C isotopic composition data from multiple chronosequences and paired sites in Russia and United States. Reconstruction of soil C storage trajectory over 250 years following conversion from native grassland to continual annual cropland revealed a C depletion rate of 0.010 years−1 (first-order k rate constant), which translates into a mean residence time (MRT) of 100 years (R2 ≥ 0.90). Conversely, soil C accretion was observed over 70 years following afforestation of annual croplands at a much faster k rate of 0.055 years−1. The corresponding MRT was only 18 years (R2 = 0.997) after a lag phase of 5 years. Over these 23 years of afforestation, trees contributed 14 Mg C Ha−1 to soil C accrual in the 0 to 15 cm depth increment. This tree-C contribution reached 22 Mg C Ha−1 at 70 years after tree planting. Over these 70 years of afforestation, the proportion of tree-C to whole soil C increased to reach a sizeable 79 %. Furthermore, assuming steady state of soil C in the adjacent croplands, we also estimated that 45 % of the prairie-C existent at time of tree planting was still present in the afforested soils 70 years later. As intrinsic of k modelling, the derived turnover rates that represent soil C changes over time are nonlinear. Soil C changes were much more dynamic during the first decades following a land use conversion than afterwards when the new land use system approached equilibrium. Collectively, results substantiated that C sequestration in afforested lands is a suitable means to proactively mitigate escalating climate change within a typical person's lifetime, as indicated by MRTs of few decades.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear turnover rates of soil carbon following cultivation of native grasslands and subsequent afforestation of croplands

Hernandez‐Ramirez¹,

Chendev²,

Геннадиев³

2021

Preprint

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“…As the most important and widespread agroforestry system, shelterbelts are also widely implemented to fight against soil erosion in America (Garrett, 2009), Canada (Kort, 1988), Russia (Chendev et al., 2015) and other countries (Nuberg & Mylius, 2002). However, during the past decades, most of the studies were focused on the impacts of shelterbelts on wind force and farmland microclimate (Rivest & Vezina, 2015; Torita & Satou, 2007), water and soil nutrients (Chendev et al., 2015; Lazarev, 2006; Nuberg & Mylius, 2002) and crop yield (Kort, 1988; Zheng, Zhu, & Xing, 2016). In contrast, the impact of shelterbelts on water erosion still has received less attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying farmland shelterbelt impacts on catchment soil erosion and sediment yield for the black soil region, northeastern China

Fang

2020

Soil Use and Management

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As one part of the ‘Three Norths’ forest protection system, dense farmland shelterbelt networks in northeastern China could greatly modify water and sediment flows. In this paper, catchment soil erosion rate and sediment yield (SY) that are impacted by farmland shelterbelts were estimated using WaTEM/SEDEM model. The shelterbelts reduced catchment soil erosion and SY to some extent. The mean soil erosion rate and specific sediment yield (SSY; defined as the ratio of SY to catchment area; t km−2 yr−1) of the 25 reservoir catchments decreased from 351.6 and 93.9 t km−2 yr−1 under the supposed scenario without shelterbelts to 331.1 t km−2 yr−1 and 86.3% t km−2 yr−1 under the current situation with shelterbelts. The sediment trap efficiencies (STEs) varied from 0.01% to 23.6% with an average value of 7.6%. The STEs were significantly correlated with shelterbelt density, catchment perimeter, topographic factors, RUSLEP‐factor and land use patterns including patch density (PD), patch cohesion index (COHESION), Shannon's diversity index (SHDI) and aggregation index (AI). The multiple regression equation involving factors of catchment's topography and morphology and land use pattern has a satisfactory performance, and mean slope gradient (MSG) and AI explained most of the variability of shelterbelts’ STE. This information can help land managers to better design shelterbelts and to reduce water‐derived soil loss at catchment scale.

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“…In order to combat soil degradation and erosion, experimental agroforestry sites in the form of protective tree windbreaks were introduced in Eastern Europe in the 19th century on the initiative of Vasily Dokuchaev. Windbreaks were intended not only to reduce wind speed and prevent wind erosion but also to improve the microclimate and the water regime and thus increase crop yields (Chendev, Sauer, Gennadiev, et al, ; Sudnik‐Wojcikowska, Moysiyenko, & Slim, ). In the 1950s and 1960s, a widespread system of windbreaks was implemented in the Soviet Union covering an area of 120 million hectares as part of a comprehensive agricultural program me called ‘plan for the transformation of nature’ (Chendev, Sauer, Ramirez, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, trees are often harvested and mature trees are not replanted. Although agroforestry is a promising practice to improve physical and chemical soil conditions and particularly increase SOC storage, studies that have investigated these aspects in the world's largest windbreak system are scarce (Chendev, Sauer, Gennadiev, et al, ). Besides a potential supportive benefit of windbreaks for soil conservation, implementation of improved agricultural management practices is needed to rebuild SOM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebuilding soil carbon in degraded steppe soils of Eastern Europe: The importance of windbreaks and improved cropland management

Wiesmeier

Lungu²,

Cerbari³

et al. 2018

Land Degrad Dev

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Long‐term cultivation of steppe soils in a nonsustainable way caused severe soil degradation and reduced agricultural productivity in Eastern Europe, one of the world's most important areas for cereal production. In order to combat soil erosion and maintain yields, a widespread system of tree windbreaks was introduced in the 1950s, accompanied by improved agricultural practices in recent years. However, information on the effectiveness of such measures to rebuild soil organic carbon (SOC) is scarce. The objective of this study was to estimate the OC storage potential of the fine mineral fraction of degraded arable steppe soils in Moldova and to quantify SOC sequestration rates under (a) windbreaks, (b) cropland with improved crop rotation/manure application, and (c) cropland with cover cropping. Natural grassland relicts served as a reference to estimate the SOC saturation potential. Our results revealed a low SOC saturation of 50% under conventional agricultural use due to high SOC losses, indicating a high potential for SOC sequestration. Relatively high SOC sequestration rates were determined for topsoils (0–30 cm) under windbreaks (0.9 t ha−1 yr−1), improved crop rotation/manure application (1.3 t ha−1 yr−1), and cover cropping (1.9 t ha−1 yr−1). In this regard, sequestration rates derived from OC changes of the fine fraction may be more reliable than total SOC‐based rates, particularly for windbreaks with high proportions of labile SOC. We conclude that implementation of improved agricultural management together with the maintenance of windbreaks is a promising strategy to rebuild SOC, reduce widespread soil erosion and compaction, and secure Moldova's agricultural productivity.

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Accumulation of organic carbon in chernozems (Mollisols) under shelterbelts in Russia and the United States

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Nonlinear turnover rates of soil carbon following cultivation of native grasslands and subsequent afforestation of croplands

Nonlinear turnover rates of soil carbon following cultivation of native grasslands and subsequent afforestation of croplands

Quantifying farmland shelterbelt impacts on catchment soil erosion and sediment yield for the black soil region, northeastern China

Rebuilding soil carbon in degraded steppe soils of Eastern Europe: The importance of windbreaks and improved cropland management

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