Accumulation of phenolic compounds in the purple betony herb (Stachys officinalis L.) originated from cultivation

Abstract

S u m m a r yIntroduction: Purple betony (Stachys officinalis L., Lamiaceae) is a perennial of versatile medicinal usage. Nowadays, in Poland betony herb is collected exclusively from wild growing plants. Decreasing number of its natural sites results in lack of the herb supply and thus, in its limited usage. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the age of plant and term of raw material harvest on its yield and quality in cultivation conditions. Methods: The observations were carried out on 2-and 3-year-old plants. During vegetation the herb was collected for four times. The raw material was subjected to chemical analysis. Tannins (as pyrogallol equivalent) were determined according to Polish Pharmacopoeia, phenolic acids and flavonoids -by HPLC. Results: The mass of herb, both in the second and third year, had increased from the beginning of vegetation up to seed setting. The highest content of tannins was found in the herb collected at the vegetative stage of plant development (2.05% in the second and 2.91% in the third year). Four phenolic acids (chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic and rosmarinic acids) and five flavonoid compounds (orientin, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, apigenin-3-glucoside, apigenin) were identified in the obtained raw materials. In these groups, the dominant compounds were caffeic acid and apigenin. The highest content of caffeic acid was found at the beginning of plant vegetation, whereas apigenin -at the stage of full blooming and seed setting. Conclusion: In cultivation conditions, purple betony produces high mass of herb which may be used as a valuable raw material in herbal industry.

Essential Oil Composition of Cirsium arvense L. Produced in Different Climate and Soil Properties

“…However, morphological and physiological characteristics are also affected by altitude [29] and seasonal variation [30]. The depth of soils in Chelgerd region increased with increasing altitude and the content of many of components of essential oil was increased [9,13,27,[31][32][33].…”

Comparative study of phenolic compounds of the herb of Betonica L. genus species of flora of Ukraine

“…4 hydroxycinnamic acids (chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic and rosemarinic) and 5 flavonoid compounds (orientin, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, apigenin-3-glucoside, apigenin) were identified in the raw material. Caffeic acid and apigenin were dominant among these compounds [2]. .…”

“…Analysis of scientific publications indicates that the chemical composition of Betonica L. genus species of flora of Ukraine has not been studied enough [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Since phenolic compounds provide the pharmacological action of the plant it was decided to conduct an in-depth study of this class of compounds and to choose a more promising species for further research.…”

“…Betonica contains phenylethanoid glycosides represented by six compounds of similar structure named betoniosides A, B, C, D, E, F and by acetoside. Among the terpenoids linalool, ocimene, phellandrene and terpinene are found as well as sesquiterpenoids cadinene, cadinol, caryophyllene, diterpenoid betonicolide and its glycoside betonicoside B [1][2][3][4][5].…”

“…There are numerous data on studies of the chemical composition of species of the genus Betonica L. growing in Japan, the Republic of Kosovo, Hungary, Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Poland, the Balkans [1,2,4,5]. However, the chemical composition of species of the genus Betonica L. growing in Ukraine has not been studied enough.…”