Accumulation of Phytoalexins in Beans, Soybeans and Sorghum by Fungal Filtrates

Abstract

The use of elicitors in plants for disease control is demonstrated by the accumulation of phytoalexins. Among these elicitors, metabolic products from fungi have been shown to be effective in the activation of mechanisms of induced resistance. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of filtrates from the saprobic fungi Curvularia inaequalis, Pseudobotrytis terrestris, Memnoniella echinata and Curvularia eragrostidis in inducing phaseolin, glyceolin and deoxyanthocyanidins. For this, fungal mycelial disks were liquid-subcultured in potato dextrose (BD) media and maintained in BOD at 25 °C and 12 h of light and darkness. After 20 days, the cultures were filtered and, the filtrates were used in the experiments. Phaseolin was measured in etiolated hypocotyls of bean. For glyceolin evaluation, cotyledons of soybean were used. The deoxyanthocyanidin accumulation was evaluated in etiolated mesocotyls of sorghum. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by regression tests (p < 0.05). The filtrates of the saprobic fungi C. eragrostidis, C. inaequalis, P. terrestris and M. echinata promoted 9, 8, 9 and 7% greater increases in the concentration of phaseolin accumulations, respectively. The glyceolin accumulation varied with the concentration of C. eragrostidis, C. inaequalis and P. terrestris by adjusting the behavior to a cubic model. The deoxyanthocyanidin accumulation increased with concentration, while the filtrates of M. echinata and C. eragrostidis promoted 2 to 3 times more increases than the application of water. The filtrates of P. terrestris, C. eragrostidis, C. inaequalis and M. echinata induced accumulations of phytoalexins in soybean, beans and sorghum.

Controlling Alternaria cerealis MT808477 Tomato Phytopathogen by Trichoderma harzianum and Tracking the Plant Physiological Changes

“…T. harzianum was applied on S. lycopersicum plants infected with A. cerealis . The filtrate sprayed after injecting tomato plants with A. cerealis conidial suspension (10 5 conidia/mL) [ 54 ]. Plant leaves were collected after 0, 2, 24, and 48 h for physiological assays and the plant were examined every 2 days until two weeks for any symptoms appearing.…”

Decoding Metabolic Reprogramming in Plants under Pathogen Attacks, a Comprehensive Review of Emerging Metabolomics Technologies to Maximize Their Applications

“…Isoflavonoids from the Leguminoseae family have been shown to have a defensive role as antibacterial phytoalexins against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms [ 79 ]. Phaseolus vulgaris has been shown to produce phytoalexins such as phaseollin and kievitone in response to pathogen attack by the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum , the causal of the bean anthracnose [ 80 ]. Additionally, the isoflavonoids medicarpin from Medicago sativa and pisatin from Pisum sativum represent similar examples from the Leguminoseae family.…”

Phaseolin Induction on Common-Bean Cultivars and Biological Control of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum 89 Race by Baccharis trimera (Less.) Dc.

“…Solino and coauthors [22] evaluating the induction of phaseolin, gliceonin and deoxyanthocyanidins by filtrates of saprophytic fungi species Curvularia inaequalis, Pseudobitritis terrestris, Memnomiella echinata e Curvularia eragrostidis, obtained a phaseolin increment of 9, 8, 9 and 7% when compared to control.…”

“…Phytoalexins belong to different chemical classes that include flavonoids, polyacetylenes and isoprenes, including terpenoids and steroids [21]. In addition, studies with crude extract and essential oil of medicinal plants have indicated their potential in the induction of phytoalexins, besides showing fungitoxic action [22]. The effects of phytoalexins also are known in human health, where some chemical classes can promote GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT important effects in organism like antioxidant, antiaging, antitumor activities, or cardio and neuro protection [23].…”