Accumulation of polysaccharides in the anther cavity of Allium sativum, clone Piemonte

Gori, P.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5320(82)90071-5

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The presence of EP epitopes in tapetal cytoplasmic vesicles near to, and associated with the plasma membrane undulations, as well as in the loculus itself, constitutes strong evidence of tapetal synthesis and secretion of pectic compounds into the loculus. Further, pectin assays of both anther wall and the locular material reveal this secretion to be maximal at the early microspore stages, coinciding with previous reports of intense carbohydrate metabolism in the tapetum at this stage ± mostly involving dictyosomeassociated vesicles (Pacini and Juniper 1979;Gori 1982;Pacini and Franchi 1983;Hess and Hesse 1994;Owen and Makaro 1995;CleÂ ment et al 1998).…”

Section: Tapetal Secretion Of Pectin Into the Anther Loculussupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Polysaccharides present in the loculus must originate either from the breakdown, at meiosis, of the pollen mother cell and/or the tapetal cell walls (Keijzer 1987;Owen and Makaro 1995;Rhee and Sommerville 1998) or from tapetal metabolism (Pacini and Juniper 1979;Gori 1982;Pacini and Franchi 1983;Reznickova and Willemse 1980;Polowick and Sawhney 1993;Hess and Hesse 1994). In the case of Lilium, the acid and neutral polysaccharides detected in the loculus appear to be derived from both sources (CleÂ ment et al 1998).…”

Section: Tapetal Secretion Of Pectin Into the Anther Loculusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most Angiosperms, pollen develops within the locular¯uid, which is secreted by the tapetum and presumably plays a part in pollen wall formation. Polysaccharides of the locular¯uid have been characterized (Gori 1982;Pacini and Franchi 1983;Hess and Hesse 1994) but pectic compounds have not been clearly identi®ed. Data currently available indicate the presence of UEP around the tetrad callose wall (Hess and Frosch 1994;Rhee and Sommerville 1998;Majewska-Sawka and Rodriguez-Garcia 1999) and EP in the loculus (Hess and Frosch 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pectin secretion and distribution in the anther during pollen development in Lilium

Aouali

Laporte

Clément

2001

Planta

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Using the monoclonal antibodies JIM 5 and 7, pectin was immunolocalized and quantitatively assayed in three anther compartments of Lilium hybrida during pollen development. Pectin levels in both the anther wall and the loculus increased following meiosis, were maximal during the early microspore stages and declined during the remainder of pollen ontogenesis. In the microspores/pollen grains, pectin was detectable at low levels during the microspore stages but accumulated significantly during pollen maturation. During early microspore vacuolation, esterified pectin epitopes were detected both in the tapetum cytoplasm and vacuoles. In the anther loculus, the same epitopes were located simultaneously in undulations of the plasma membrane and in the locular fluid. At the end of microspore vacuolation, esterified pectin epitopes were present within the lipids of the pollenkitt, and released in the loculus at pollen mitosis. Unesterified pectin epitopes were hardly detectable in the cytoplasm of the young microspore but were as abundant in the primexine matrix as in the loculus. During pollen maturation, both unesterified and esterified pectin labelling accumulated in the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell, concurrently with starch degradation. In the mature pollen grain, unesterified pectin epitopes were located in the proximal intine whereas esterified pectin epitopes were deposited in the distal intine. These data suggest that during early microspore development, the tapetum secretes pectin, which is transferred to the primexine matrix via the locular fluid. Further, pectin is demonstrated to constitute a significant component of the pollen carbohydrate reserves in the mature grain of Lilium.

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Section: Tapetal Secretion Of Pectin Into the Anther Loculussupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Tapetal Secretion Of Pectin Into the Anther Loculusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pectin secretion and distribution in the anther during pollen development in Lilium

Aouali

Laporte

Clément

2001

Planta

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“…First, the tapetum produces and releases callase and some other proteins and enzymes, which are important for the release of microspores from the tetrad (Mepham 1970;Izhar and Frankel 1971;Stieglitz 1977). In addition, tapetum cells secrete starch-containing substances into the locule (Gori 1982;Pacini and Juniper 1983). The tapetum also provides molecules for the formation of the pollen outer wall called exine and tryphine, a proteinaceous coating of pollen.…”

Section: The Ems1 Gene Regulates Anther Cell Development In Arabidopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

The EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1 gene encodes a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase that controls somatic and reproductive cell fates in the Arabidopsis anther

Zhao¹,

Wang²,

Speal³

et al. 2002

Genes Dev.

436

427

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Cell differentiation is essential for the development of multicellular organisms. In flowering plants, the haploid male gametophytes (pollen grains) are generated in the anther from reproductive cells called microsporocytes. Several types of somatic cells ensure successful pollen development, and thus reproduction. However, it is not clear what genes regulate the differentiation of these diverse, highly specialized cells in the anther. We report here the isolation and characterization of a novel Arabidopsis thaliana male sterile mutant, excess microsporocytes1 (ems1), that produces excess microsporocytes, lacks tapetal cells, and abnormally maintains middle layer cells. Although the meiotic nuclear division in the ems1 mutant is normal, the microsporocytes do not undergo cytokinesis, resulting in failed microsporogenesis and male sterility. The EMS1 gene encodes a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase (LRR-RPK), and its expression is associated with the differentiation of the microsporocytes and tapetal cells, suggesting that EMS1 mediates signals that control the fate of reproductive cells and their contiguous somatic cells.

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“…Tapetal cells produce and provide callase and other proteins important for the release of microspores from tetrads and chemicals important for the formation of pollen outer walls (Mepham, 1970;Izhar and Frankel, 1971;Stieglitz, 1977;Gori, 1982). The essential role of tapetal cells in pollen formation was demonstrated primarily by the selective destruction of tapetal cells, which resulted in the failure of pollen development (Mariani et al, 1990(Mariani et al, , 1992Denis et al, 1993).…”

Section: The Tpd1 Mutation Blocks Microspore Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 Is Required for Cell Specialization in the Arabidopsis Anther

et al. 2003

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In flowering plants, pollen formation depends on the differentiation and interaction of two cell types in the anther: the reproductive cells, called microsporocytes, and somatic cells that form the tapetum. The microsporocytes generate microspores, whereas the tapetal cells support the development of microspores into mature pollen grains. Despite their importance to plant reproduction, little is known about the underlying genetic mechanisms that regulate the differentiation and interaction of these highly specialized cells in the anther. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 ( TPD1 ) gene that is required for the specialization of tapetal cells in the Arabidopsis anther. Analysis of the male-sterile mutant, tpd1 , showed that functional interruption of TPD1 caused the precursors of tapetal cells to differentiate and develop into microsporocytes instead of tapetum. As a results, extra microsporocytes were formed and tapetum was absent in developing tpd1 anthers. Molecular cloning of TPD1 revealed that it encodes a small protein of 176 amino acids. In addition, tpd1 was phenotypically similar to excess microsporocytes1/extra sporogenous cells ( ems1 / exs ) single and tpd1 ems1/exs double mutants. These data suggest that the TPD1 product plays an important role in the differentiation of tapetal cells, possibly in coordination with the EMS1/EXS gene product, a Leu-rich repeat receptor protein kinase.

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Accumulation of polysaccharides in the anther cavity of Allium sativum, clone Piemonte

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Pectin secretion and distribution in the anther during pollen development in Lilium

Pectin secretion and distribution in the anther during pollen development in Lilium

The EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1 gene encodes a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase that controls somatic and reproductive cell fates in the Arabidopsis anther

TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 Is Required for Cell Specialization in the Arabidopsis Anther

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