Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites Formed by Field Fungi in Autumn‐Saved Herbage

Boberfeld, W. Opitz von; Kostecki, M.; Kaczmarek, Z.; Goliński, Piotr

doi:10.1111/j.1439-037x.2006.00221.x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Golinski et al (2006) arrived at similar conclusions for a grass stand in January. The higher zearalenone content may result from the increasing population of zearalenone-forming soil fungi.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The warmer end of the growing season might have related also to the higher production of mycotoxins. On the other hand, at the end of the growing season in 2007, the detected et al (1996), Engels and Krämer (1996), Behrendt et al (2004), Golinski et al (2006) point to a high ergosterol content in forage from a grass stand used in January and documents a high content of zearalenone occurring in connexion with the high ergosterol content in this month.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, with the decreasing production, the forage quality is increasing (Opitz von Boberfeld and Banzhaf 2006). Decreasing ergosterol content with a shorter growing period indicates a slower development of fungi (Golinski et al 2006). Older stands contain more senescent biomass of grasses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting the Content of Ergosterol and Zearalenone in Selected Grass Species at the End of the Growing Season

Skládanka¹,

Dohnal

Doležal³

et al. 2009

Acta Vet. Brno

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The objective of the study was to assess the safety of forage prepared from selected grass species by means of the analysis of ergosterol and zearalenone. Graminaceous plants studied at the end of their growing season were Festulolium, Dactylis glomerata and Arrhenatherum elatius. Other indicators assessed were the content of ergosterol and zearalenone during the autumn and the intensity of grassland use in the summer season as related to the studied contents of metabolites. Grasslands were harvested either in October, November or December. The secondary metabolites were analyzed by means of high performance liquid chromatography. At the end of the growing season, the ergosterol content was the lowest in the Festulolium forage (110.04 mg·kg -1 ), the highest contents were observed in the Dactylis glomerata and Arrhenatherum elatius forages (145.73 mg·kg -1 and 139.55 mg·kg -1 , respectively). The safety of Festulolium was also corroborated by the low zearalenone content (0.357 mg·kg). On the other hand, the high ergosterol content in Arrhenatherum elatius was combined with a high content of zearalenone (1.554 mg·kg -1 ). Although Dactylis glomerata exhibited an ergosterol content comparable with that of Arrhenatherum elatius forage, its zearalenone content was comparable to the Festulolium forage. Among the three species under study we found a significant difference (P < 0.01) in the ergosterol and zearalenone contents. Changes in the ergosterol and zearalenone contents were also apparent from October to December. The highest (P < 0.01) content of ergosterol was found in December (254.26 mg·kg -1). The higher (P < 0.01) zearalenone content in this month (1.588 mg·kg -1 ) was caused by the Arrhenatherum elatius forage. Moreover, the contents of ergosterol and zearalenone were affected (P < 0.01) also by the number of cuts in summer. The higher ergosterol content indicated a higher forage infestation by fungi and the inherent risk of the occurrence of mycotoxins. However, the high ergosterol content not always correlated with the high content of zearalenone. When cattle is grazing in winter, a higher occurrence of mycotoxins in the feed may be expected and the related damage to animal metabolism may increase the number of diseased animals with consequent impact on animal production, performance and health and animal husbandry economics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Factors Affecting the Content of Ergosterol and Zearalenone in Selected Grass Species at the End of the Growing Season

Skládanka¹,

Dohnal

Doležal³

et al. 2009

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Moreover, higher levels of mycotoxins occurring during winter months were reported by Golinski et al . [ 23 ]. Forage from the beginning of June is generally characterized by low levels of mycotoxins, and this is especially evident ( p < 0.01) for DON and ZEA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Grass Species, Season and Ensiling Influence Mycotoxin Content in Forage?

Skládanka

Adam

Doležal

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that have harmful effects on mammals. The aim of this study was to assess the content of mycotoxins in fresh-cut material of selected forage grass species both during and at the end of the growing season. We further assessed mycotoxin content in subsequently produced first-cutting silages with respect to the species used in this study: Lolium perenne (cv. Kentaur), Festulolium pabulare (cv. Felina), Festulolium braunii (cv. Perseus), and mixtures of these species with Festuca rubra (cv. Gondolin) or Poa pratensis (Slezanka). The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and T-2 toxin were mainly detected in the fresh-cut grass material, while fumonisin and aflatoxin contents were below the detection limits. July and October were the most risky periods for mycotoxins to occur. During the cold temperatures in November and December, the occurrence of mycotoxins in fresh-cut material declined. Although June was a period with low incidence of mycotoxins in green silage, contents of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in silages from the first cutting exceeded by several times those determined in their biomass collected directly from the field. Moreover, we observed that use of preservatives or inoculants did not prevent mycotoxin production.

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“…Besides, ERG is more sensitive than another fungal biomarker 'chitin' for the detection of early stage fungal growth [26]. In addition, Japelt et al [27] and Golinski et al [28] reported that ERG contents increase with increasing humidity and decreasing temperatures during fall and winter months, under favourable environmental conditions for the growth of moulds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ergosterol and polyphenols: Potential biochemical indicators of silage safety

Alba-Mejía

Dohnal

Klíma

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Silage, one of the most important feed sources for cattle, is vulnerable to contamination by spoilage moulds and mycotoxin production because ensilage forage crops are excellent substrates for fungal growth. Whereas there are many factors involved in mycotoxins contamination such as biological factors, harvesting, storage, and processing conditions, the climate is the most important factor. Silage additives can improve the safety of silage and inhibit moulds and other detrimental silage microorganisms; however, their efficacy varies with the type and level of toxigenic fungi contamination. Several studies provided evidence showing that the presence of various mycotoxins was correlated with the presence of ergosterol in cereals and feedstuffs. Therefore, ergosterol ( ERG ) has been suggested as a potential indicator of fungal contamination with polyphenols concentration analysis allowing accurate prediction on silage safety. The main goal of this study was to use the ERG and polyphenols content as potential biochemical indicators to predict the silage safety in ensiled grasses. The study was carried out using ten orchardgrass varieties (untreated and treated with biological and chemical additives). The determination of the samples was performed on high-performance liquid chromatography using UV detection (ERG) and spectrophotometer UV/VIS (polyphenols). Results: Interestingly, in the silage ‘Bepro’ was the unique variety that no presented content of ERG (0.0 mg kg -1 dry matter) in comparison with other varieties in the first cut in 2012. The biological additives reduced the content of ERG in both cuts in 2012 compared with untreated silage. In contrast, the chemical additives in silage grass had a negative effect ( P < 0.05) by increasing the ERG and polyphenols content in comparison with untreated silage. Conclusions: These results of this study provide indisputable evidence that silage contaminated with fungi increase the concentration of polyphenols, which prove a progressive deterioration of silage quality. In consequence, ERG and polyphenols seem to be relevant as a rapid method for screening silage safety.

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Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites Formed by Field Fungi in Autumn‐Saved Herbage

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Factors Affecting the Content of Ergosterol and Zearalenone in Selected Grass Species at the End of the Growing Season

Factors Affecting the Content of Ergosterol and Zearalenone in Selected Grass Species at the End of the Growing Season

How Do Grass Species, Season and Ensiling Influence Mycotoxin Content in Forage?

Ergosterol and polyphenols: Potential biochemical indicators of silage safety

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