Accumulation of starch in duckweeds (Lemnaceae), potential energy plants

Appenroth, Klaus‐J.; Ziegler, Paul; Sree, K. Sowjanya

doi:10.1007/s12298-021-01100-4

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…This increase in DM%, to some extent, diminished the metal-induced decline in growth of dry matter of cultures. Apart from morphogenic modifications, elevated DM% can also be attributed to the accumulation of starch [ 24 ]. Rearranged carbon utilization to produce starch instead of new frond area is common amongst duckweeds when exposed to trace metals [ 13 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical plant response to suboptimal conditions is the increase of dry matter content and leaf (in case of duckweeds frond) mass-to-area ratio (LMA) [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In duckweeds, this response is rapid and may be attributed to several mechanisms, such as disturbed frond development and expansion [ 23 ], regulated modulation of frond development [ 20 ], or the rapid accumulation of starch in fronds [ 24 ]. Any of these mechanisms may trigger a stress-induced increase in frond LMA, and this will be inherently accompanied by slower growth in terms of the expansion of frond area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species- and Metal-Specific Responses of the Ionome of Three Duckweed Species under Chromate and Nickel Treatments

Oláh

Irfan

Szabó

et al. 2023

Plants

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In this study, growth and ionomic responses of three duckweed species were analyzed, namely Lemna minor, Landoltia punctata, and Spirodela polyrhiza, were exposed for short-term periods to hexavalent chromium or nickel under laboratory conditions. It was found that different duckweed species had distinct ionomic patterns that can change considerably due to metal treatments. The results also show that, because of the stress-induced increase in leaf mass-to-area ratio, the studied species showed different order of metal uptake efficiency if plant area was used as unit of reference instead of the traditional dry weight-based approach. Furthermore, this study revealed that μXRF is applicable in mapping elemental distributions in duckweed fronds. By using this method, we found that within-frond and within-colony compartmentation of metallic ions were strongly metal- and in part species-specific. Analysis of duckweed ionomics is a valuable approach in exploring factors that affect bioaccumulation of trace pollutants by these plants. Apart from remediating industrial effluents, this aspect will gain relevance in food and feed safety when duckweed biomass is produced for nutritional purposes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species- and Metal-Specific Responses of the Ionome of Three Duckweed Species under Chromate and Nickel Treatments

Oláh

Irfan

Szabó

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Infra-red dye (IRD)-labelled primers were used for the selective PCR amplification that consequently labelled the electrophoretic bands. After testing a large number of primers, the following four primer combinations were selected for AFLP analysis: (i) Eco RI-ATT/ Mse I-CAC, (ii) Eco RI-ATT/ Mse I-CAT, (iii) Eco RI-ATT/ Mse I-CCA, (iv) Eco RI-ATT/ Mse I-CTA [ 15 , 16 ]. An automated DNA sequencer (model 4000 L; Li-Cor Biosciences, Bad Homburg, Germany) was used for electrophoretic separation and detection of generated fragments [ 51 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was concluded by Ho et al [ 10 ] as effects of recombination in their study. During the past few years, it became clear that some of the physiological properties like growth rate [ 6 , 7 ], turion formation capacity [ 11 ], protein content [ 12 ], and starch accumulation capacities [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] vary between clones that belong to the same species. This raises the question whether a natural population of duckweed constitutes only a single clone, or whether several clones coexist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Diversity in Aquatic Ecosystems: Comparison between Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor in Natural Populations of Duckweed

Bog

Appenroth

Schneider

et al. 2022

Plants

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Samples of two duckweed species, Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor, were collected around small ponds and investigated concerning the question of whether natural populations of duckweeds constitute a single clone, or whether clonal diversity exists. Amplified fragment length polymorphism was used as a molecular method to distinguish clones of the same species. Possible intraspecific diversity was evaluated by average-linkage clustering. The main criterion to distinguish one clone from another was the 95% significance level of the Jaccard dissimilarity index for replicated samples. Within natural populations of L. minor, significant intraspecific genetic differences were detected. In each of the three small ponds harbouring populations of L. minor, based on twelve samples, between four and nine distinct clones were detected. Natural populations of L. minor consist of a mixture of several clones representing intraspecific biodiversity in an aquatic ecosystem. Moreover, identical distinct clones were discovered in more than one pond, located at a distance of 1 km and 2.4 km from each other. Evidently, fronds of L. minor were transported between these different ponds. The genetic differences for S. polyrhiza, however, were below the error-threshold of the method within a pond to detect distinct clones, but were pronounced between samples of two different ponds.

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“…Duckweeds are fast-growing, small aquatic plants that produce large amounts of starch 3,4 . They have short doubling times and multiply easily in the right conditions 5,6 . Notably, duckweed produces an estimated 28 tons of starch per hectare per year, while corn, a major source of bioethanol, produces only six tons per hectare per year 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Starch from Duckweeds and Its Conversion Into Reducing Sugars Via Enzymatic Saccharification

Sembada¹,

Faizal²

2023

Asian J. of Plant Sciences

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Background and Objective: Bioethanol derived from plants is a renewable energy source and promising alternative to fossil fuels. It can be produced from plant starch by fermentation, but the starch must first be broken down to sugars, a process known as saccharification. Duckweeds are small, fast-growing plants that are easy to cultivate and accumulate high levels of starch and hold promise as a bioethanol source. Here, the growth parameters and starch content of three species of duckweeds were examined and assessed the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification. Materials and Methods: The duckweeds used in this study were Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis and Wolffia arrhiza. The saccharification process was performed at 50EC for 24 hrs. Three starch-degrading enzymes were assessed in the saccharification process, specifically, "-amylase, $-amylase and glucoamylase, in equal amounts (1 mL per mg starch) but four different combinations. Results: The measured doubling times were, respectively, 3.57±0.02, 3.77±0.07 and 3.94±0.04 days and the initial starch contents were 0.28±0.02, 0.26±0.01 and 0.24±0.02 g/g. The greatest percentage of starch conversion to sugar was observed when all three enzymes were used in saccharification. The conversion percentages were 82.0±1.3%, 80.8±1.9% and 81.4±1%, for L. punctata, L. aequinoctialis and W. arrhiza, respectively. Conclusion: Results concluded that duckweeds have the potential to serve as a substrate in the fermentation process to produce bioethanol and other products.

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Accumulation of starch in duckweeds (Lemnaceae), potential energy plants

Cited by 17 publications

References 95 publications

Species- and Metal-Specific Responses of the Ionome of Three Duckweed Species under Chromate and Nickel Treatments

Species- and Metal-Specific Responses of the Ionome of Three Duckweed Species under Chromate and Nickel Treatments

Intraspecific Diversity in Aquatic Ecosystems: Comparison between Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor in Natural Populations of Duckweed

Characterization of Starch from Duckweeds and Its Conversion Into Reducing Sugars Via Enzymatic Saccharification

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