Accumulation of Transcripts Encodinga Lipid Transfer-Like Protein During Deformation ofNodulation-Competent<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>Root Hairs

Krause, Andréa; Sigrist, Christian J. A.; Dehning, Irmtraut; Sommer, Hans; Broughton, W. J.

doi:10.1094/mpmi-7-0411

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The corresponding transporters of these elements were identified in the root hair preparations (Table I; Supplemental Table S4). Likewise, ABC transporters and a lipid transfer protein were detected in this study and were also shown previously to be present in Arabidopsis and Vigna unguiculata root hairs, respectively (Krause et al, 1994;Kim et al, 2007). While uptake of ammonium, chloride, nitrate, manganese, and zinc by root hairs was described previously (Gilroy and Jones, 2000), our proteomic analysis did not identify transporters for these compounds.…”

Section: Proteins Involved In Water and Nutrient Uptakesupporting

confidence: 68%

Establishment of a Protein Reference Map for Soybean Root Hair Cells

et al. 2008

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Root hairs are single tubular cells formed from the differentiation of epidermal cells on roots. They are involved in water and nutrient uptake and represent the infection site on leguminous roots by rhizobia, soil bacteria that establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. Root hairs develop by polar cell expansion or tip growth, a unique mode of plant growth shared only with pollen tubes. A more complete characterization of root hair cell biology will lead to a better understanding of tip growth, the rhizobial infection process, and also lead to improvements in plant water and nutrient uptake. We analyzed the proteome of isolated soybean (Glycine max) root hair cells using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and shotgun proteomics (1D-PAGE-liquid chromatography and multidimensional protein identification technology) approaches. Soybean was selected for this study due to its agronomic importance and its root size. The resulting soybean root hair proteome reference map identified 1,492 different proteins. 2D-PAGE followed by mass spectrometry identified 527 proteins from total cell contents. A complementary shotgun analysis identified 1,134 total proteins, including 443 proteins that were specific to the microsomal fraction. Only 169 proteins were identified by the 2D-PAGE and shotgun methods, which highlights the advantage of using both methods. The proteins identified are involved not only in basic cell metabolism but also in functions more specific to the single root hair cell, including water and nutrient uptake, vesicle trafficking, and hormone and secondary metabolism. The data presented provide useful insight into the metabolic activities of a single, differentiated plant cell type.

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Section: Proteins Involved In Water and Nutrient Uptakesupporting

confidence: 68%

Establishment of a Protein Reference Map for Soybean Root Hair Cells

et al. 2008

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“…Some evidence exists to suggest that membrane transfer by means of LTPs in nodule cells is unlikely. An LTP that has been identified in 1-to 4-day-old inoculated root hairs of Vigna unguiculata was not found in 5-weekold nodules, indicating that LTPs may be absent in mature nodule cells (Krause et al 1994). In addition, LTPs in plants are often confined to peripheral tissue (such as the epidermis) and are also localized in the cell wall for cutin synthesis (Kader 1996 and references therein).…”

Section: Rer-symbiosome and Infection Thread Associationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Novel ultrastructural observations of pea (Pisum sativum) root nodule cells by high-pressure freezing and propane-jet freezing techniques

Davidson

Newcomb

2000

Protoplasma

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Summary. Pea (Pisum sativum) root nodule cells infected by the diazotroph Rhizobium leguminosarum have been well characterized by chemical fixation techniques. Propane-jet freezing and highpressure freezing were used in this study to compare rapidly frozen and chemically fixed pea root nodule cells. Cells that had been incubated in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid buffer and frozen with the propane-jet freezer were better preserved than cells that had been chemically fixed or frozen with the high-pressure freezer. Rapidly frozen infected nodule cells showed that the rough endoplasmic reticulum had a high frequency of associations with the peribacteroid membrane and the infection thread. The peribacteroid space also varied in size depending on the method of preservation; however, it was most reduced in size and devoid of inclusions in the propane-jet frozen tissue. The biological significance of these observations is discussed.

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“…As examples, the model legumes Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula have six or eight chromosomes totalling 450 and 500 Mbp/1C (14), respectively. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and related species (e.g., Vigna unguiculata) (both genera belong to the tribe Phaseoleae) have 11 chromosomes each (24) with DNA contents of 637 (1) and 540 Mbp/1C (50). Furthermore, several widely cultivated legumes such as Arachis hypogaea, Glycine max, and Medicago sativa are effectively polyploid, although in G. max most loci segregate as if they were diploid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Keys to Symbiotic Harmony

2000

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At least three different sets of symbiotic signals (here, they are compared to locks and keys) are exchanged between legumes and rhizobia during nodule development. Flavonoids, the first of these, emanate from the plant and interact with rhizobial NodD proteins that serve as both environmental sensors and activators of transcription. A second set of signals is synthesized when NodD-flavonoid complexes activate transcription from nod boxes. Most of the genes immediately downstream of these promoters are involved in the synthesis of lipooligosaccharidic Nod factors that provoke deformation of root hairs and allow rhizobia to enter the root through infection threads. Fine-tuning of transcription of nodulation (nod) genes is probably related to sequence variations in individual nod boxes (there are 19 on the symbiotic plasmid of the broad-hostrange Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234). Other rhizobial products seem to be necessary for continued infection thread development, and these represent a third set of signals. Among them are extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and related compounds, as well as proteins exported by the type three secretion system (TTSS). In the latter case, flavonoids also activate protein secretion, suggesting that the same keys can unlock different doors.Symbioses are nearly ubiquitous, and many are also persistent (56). Mutualistic, nitrogen-fixing associations between members of the plant family Leguminosae, and the soil bacteria Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Rhizobium (collectively called rhizobia) contribute substantially to plant productivity (111). Legume-Rhizobium symbioses are marriages between two vastly different genomes. In rhizobia, these include a chromosome plus zero to many plasmids, totalling 6 to 9 Mbp (71). In contrast, genomes of legumes are much larger, some comprising more than 20 chromosomes with total DNA contents that range from about 450 to 4,500 Mbp per haploid genome (1C) (1). As examples, the model legumes Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula have six or eight chromosomes totalling 450 and 500 Mbp/1C (14), respectively. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and related species (e.g., Vigna unguiculata) (both genera belong to the tribe Phaseoleae) have 11 chromosomes each (24) with DNA contents of 637 (1) and 540 Mbp/1C (50). Furthermore, several widely cultivated legumes such as Arachis hypogaea, Glycine max, and Medicago sativa are effectively polyploid, although in G. max most loci segregate as if they were diploid. Legume genomes are thus at least 50 times larger than those of their microsymbionts. Given this disparity, it is difficult to imagine that theirs is a marriage of equals. Nevertheless, their respective contributions are probably not vastly different (see reference 48). LEGUME BOWERS ARE DECORATED WITH FLAVONOIDSWhich partner initiates contact? Since plants are nonmotile, it is tempting to think that courtship begins when bacteria advance into the legume rhizosphere. Yet chemotaxis and motility among rhizobia are clearly not essential for no...

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Accumulation of Transcripts Encodinga Lipid Transfer-Like Protein During Deformation ofNodulation-CompetentVigna unguiculataRoot Hairs

Cited by 47 publications

References 41 publications

Establishment of a Protein Reference Map for Soybean Root Hair Cells

Establishment of a Protein Reference Map for Soybean Root Hair Cells

Novel ultrastructural observations of pea (Pisum sativum) root nodule cells by high-pressure freezing and propane-jet freezing techniques

Keys to Symbiotic Harmony

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