Accumulation of volcanogenic fluoride by vegetation: Mt. Etna, sicily

Notcutt, Geoff; Davies, Frances

doi:10.1016/0377-0273(89)90096-6

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Coupling these new acquired data with the previous data of Aiuppa et al (2001), we evaluate the variation of bulk (wet + dry) deposition fluxes over the whole Etnean area for the period September 1997 -March 2003. Results demonstrate that, despite the volcano represents a major local or even regional "pollution" source during inter-eruptive periods (Garrec et al 1984;Notcutt and Davies 1989;Monna et al 1999;Varrica et al 2000;Aiuppa et al 2004a), unusually high amounts of volcanogenic volatiles are deposited over short-lived powerful basaltic eruptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Major-ion bulk deposition around an active volcano (Mt. Etna, Italy)

et al. 2005

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Bulk atmospheric deposition of major cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and anions (Cl, F, SO 4 ) were measured at 15 sites around an active volcano, Mount Etna, from 2001 to 2003. Their composition indicates several natural sources, among which deposition of plume-derived volcanogenic gas compounds is prevalent for F, Cl and S. Plume-derived acidic compounds are also responsible for the prevailing acidic composition of the samples collected on the summit of the volcano (pH in the 2.45-5.57 range). Cation species have complex origin, including deposition of plume volcanogenic ash and aerosols and soil-dust wind re-suspension of either volcanic or carbonate sedimentary rocks.Variation of the deposition rates during the March 2001-March 2003 period, coupled with previous measurements from 1997 to (Appl Geochem 16:985-1000, were compared with the variation of SO 2 flux, volcanic activity and rainfall. The deposition rate was mainly controlled by rainfall. Commonly, about 0.1-0.9% of HF, HCl and SO 2 emitted by the summit crater's plume were deposited around the volcano. We estimate that ∼2 Gg of volcanogenic sulphur were deposited over the Etnean area during the 2002-2003 flank eruption, at an average rate of ∼24 Mg day −1 which is two orders of magnitude higher than that typical of quiescent degassing phases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Major-ion bulk deposition around an active volcano (Mt. Etna, Italy)

et al. 2005

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“…Etna is the largest known point source of atmospheric fluorine, contributing for about 70 Gg/a [11], even stronger than today's total estimated anthropogenic release over Western Europe [12]. The influence of these emissions on the surrounding environment and in particular on vegetation has been investigated by several authors [12][13][14].…”

Section: Magmatic Fluorinementioning

confidence: 99%

Human fluorosis related to volcanic activity: a review

D’Alessandro¹

2006

WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health, Vol 10

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Fluorosis is a widespread disease related to ingestion of high levels of fluorine through water and food. Although sometimes of anthropogenic origin, high levels of fluorine are generally related to natural sources. One of the main sources is represented by volcanic activity, which releases magmatic fluorine generally as hydrogen fluorine through volcanic degassing. For example, Mt. Etna in Italy is considered the greatest point source at the global scale, releasing on average 70 Gg of HF each year. But the impact of fluorine on human health is highly dependent on its chemical state, which means that high rates of release do not necessarily point to high impacts. The major pathway of magmatic fluorine to humans is in the form of fluoride ion (F -), through consumption of contaminated vegetables and drinking water. Contamination can happen either through direct uptake of gaseous HF or through rainwaters and volcanic ashes. Furthermore hydrogen fluoride, being one of the most soluble gases in magmas, exsolves only partially (< 20%) during volcanic activity. Volcanic rocks thus contain high levels of fluorine, which are transferred to groundwaters through water-rock interaction processes in the aquifers. Large magmatic provinces, like for example the East African Rift Valley, are therefore endemic for fluorosis. Finally a literature review of volcanic related fluorosis is given.

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“…Volcanic emissions (including trace metals) can be taken up by plants and soils, inducing both harmful and beneficial effects (Delmelle, 2003). Etna has been recognized as a good location to assess the impact of volcanic deposition, as demonstrated by numerous biomonitoring studies on leaves, mosses and lichens (Faivre-Pierret et al, 1977;Le Guern et al, 1988;Notcutt and Davies, 1989;Grasso et al, 1999;Monna et al, 1999;Watt et al 2007;Martin et al, 2009Martin et al, , 2012aQuayle et al, 2010). Volcanic emissions may also have important consequences also on human health (D'Alessandro et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%