Accumulation Potentials of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids (PFCAs) and Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic Acids (PFSAs) in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>)

Krippner, Johanna; Falk, Sandy; Brunn, Hubertus; Georgii, S.; Schubert, Sven; Stahl, T.

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00012

Cited by 118 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…If we again use the USEPA RfD for PFOA for PFBS, PFHpA, and PFNA, a single radish root serving could meet the RfD at soil concentrations of 2.5 ± 1.0 ng/g for PFBS, 1.4 ± 0.4 ng/g for PFHpA, and 4.9 ± 1.3 ng/g for PFNA. There is some evidence that PFAA availability may be concentration dependent and that these relationship may vary with PFAA and mixtures (Krippner et al 2015). Accordingly, measured BCF values in plant tissues may be larger or smaller than the values found in the present study depending on the specific PFAA and its soil concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Soil Organic Carbon Content on Plant Uptake of Soil Perfluoro Alkyl Acids (PFAAs) and the Potential Regulatory Implications

Lasee

Subbiah

Deb

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Perfluoro alkyl acids (PFAAs) are known to bioconcentrate in plants grown in contaminated soils; the potential risk from consuming these plants is currently less understood. We determined that the current daily reference doses (RfDs) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) could be met by consuming a single radish grown in soils with a perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentration of 9.7 ng/g or a perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentration of 90.5 ng/g. Using a combination of our own research and literature data on plant uptake of PFAAs from soil, we developed equations for predicting PFAA bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for plant shoot and root tissues grown in soils with a known percentage of organic carbon. This calculated BCF was then applied to 6 scenarios with measured soil PFAA concentrations to estimate PFAA concentrations in plants and potential exposure to humans and animals consuming harvested vegetation. Five of the 6 scenarios showed potential for surpassing USEPA PFAA RfDs at soil concentrations as low as 24 ng/g PFOA and 28 ng/g PFOS. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:832–845. © 2020 SETAC

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Soil Organic Carbon Content on Plant Uptake of Soil Perfluoro Alkyl Acids (PFAAs) and the Potential Regulatory Implications

Lasee

Subbiah

Deb

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…There are various reports which have indicated the prevalence of PFASs (i.e., PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS) in several environmental matrices, including plants. For instance, Mudumbi et al [28] reported the susceptibility of riparian plants to PFOA accumulation in South Africa, Western Cape Province (WCP), while Krippner et al [35,36] indicated higher uptake of PFASs, including PFBS, into plant leaves. Recently, Kurwadkar et al [37], as well as Zhao and Zhu [38], addressed the uptake of PFASs in plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propensity of Tagetes erecta L., a Medicinal Plant Commonly Used in Diabetes Management, to Accumulate Perfluoroalkyl Substances

Mudumbi

Daso

Okonkwo

et al. 2019

Toxics

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It has been extensively demonstrated that plants accumulate organic substances emanating from various sources, including soil and water. This fact suggests the potentiality of contamination of certain vital bioresources, such as medicinal plants, by persistent contaminants, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). Hence, in this study, the propensity of Tagetes erecta L. (a commonly used medicinal plant) to accumulate PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS was determined using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS-8030). From the results, PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS were detected in all the plant samples and concentration levels were found to be 94.83 ng/g, 5.03 ng/g, and 1.44 ng/g, respectively, with bioconcentration factor (BCF) ranges of 1.30 to 2.57, 13.67 to 72.33, and 0.16 to 0.31, respectively. Little evidence exists on the bioaccumulative susceptibility of medicinal plants to these persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These results suggest that these medicinal plants (in particular, Tagetes erecta L., used for the management of diabetes) are also potential conduits of PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS into humans.

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“…Wastewater-borne micro-contaminants can also be taken up by plants [46][47][48][49][50][51] and may reach the food chain. Accumulation in the edible parts of fruits and vegetables as already described for perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substances [52][53][54] has to be considered also for other micro-contaminants. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the fate and transport for most of organic micro-contaminants in arable soil systems, on root interactions and plant uptake [55].…”

Section: Chemical Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating water reuse for agricultural irrigation: risks related to organic micro-contaminants

2020

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In recent years, more and more countries see irrigation using reclaimed water as an opportunity to secure and enhance agricultural production. Despite the benefits of water reuse, the scientific community raised several concerns and challenges for human health and the environment. This includes chemical risks. Effluents from urban wastewater treatment plants usually contain a wide range of organic chemicals. Such chemicals remaining in the water after the treatment process may cause hazards for human health, contaminate surrounding soil and water resources, and even compromise drinking water sources. Once crops on irrigated sites are exposed to chemicals, the potential transport to and accumulation in the edible parts of fruits and vegetables need to be controlled to rule out their introduction into the food chain. Finally, problems concerning the release of wastewater-borne antibiotics into the environment are starting to gain attention. For these reasons, agricultural irrigation should face more stringent quality requirements in order to minimize chemical risks. Combinations of measures reducing chemicals at the source, technical and natural water treatment processes especially to remove chemicals with persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT), or persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) properties, good agricultural practices, and supplementary preventive measures (e.g. knowledge transfer to the stakeholders involved) will be necessary to bring about and ensure safe irrigation in the future. While internationally many regulations and guidelines for water reuse have successfully been implemented, questions remain whether the current knowledge regarding chemical risks is sufficiently considered in the regulatory context. The introduction of a new regulation for water reuse, as attempted in the European Union, poses a good opportunity to better take chemicals risks into account.

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Accumulation Potentials of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids (PFCAs) and Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic Acids (PFSAs) in Maize (Zea mays)

Cited by 118 publications

References 26 publications

The Effects of Soil Organic Carbon Content on Plant Uptake of Soil Perfluoro Alkyl Acids (PFAAs) and the Potential Regulatory Implications

The Effects of Soil Organic Carbon Content on Plant Uptake of Soil Perfluoro Alkyl Acids (PFAAs) and the Potential Regulatory Implications

Propensity of Tagetes erecta L., a Medicinal Plant Commonly Used in Diabetes Management, to Accumulate Perfluoroalkyl Substances

Regulating water reuse for agricultural irrigation: risks related to organic micro-contaminants

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