Accuracy analysis of indoor visible light communication localization system based on received signal strength in non-line-of-sight environments by using least squares method

Abstract

For an indoor localization system based on visible light communication (VLC) by using received signal strength technique, visible light signals used for estimating the distances between each localization target and reference nodes suffer from non-line-of-sight (NLoS) signal propagation, which could introduce large errors in estimating their locations. Both line-of-sight (LoS) link and NLoS link are taken into account in a noisy VLC channel, and thus the NLoS signal and ambient noise are the sources of localization error. Ricean K factor is introduced to evaluate the relation between the value of NLoS signal and the quality of localization in the proposed system. Analytical expressions for the distance measurement error and the upper bound of localization error are derived by using the least squares method. The simulation results show that the estimation of localization error matches the distribution of Ricean K factor in the noisy overall link. The environmental parameters that can be used to decrease the value of Ricean K factor are also discussed in the simulations, which provide the reference of parameters for building an experimental demonstration of a VLC indoor localization system. A comparison is conducted with the previous works to demonstrate the good performance of our scheme.

Design and Analysis of Light Fidelity Network for Indoor Wireless Connectivity

“…The features associated with indoor VLC comprise a dimension of the room, i.e., length and width, and secondly, visible or invisible light-emitting resources through which the information will be modulated and then utilized by the receiver source in that room. By considering the ray of geometry, the LED have Line of sight (LoS), and non-Line of sight (NLoS) communication with the receiver, which is named as PD having field of view (FOV), the angle associated to LED i.e., radiation angle ∅; and the angle associated to PD is i.e., incident angle ψ [24]. The transmitting source is LED, which is emitting radiation, and it is assumed to be Lambertian radiation because it obeys the Lambertian cosine law, and the Lambertian radian intensity is the flux emitted or reflected, which is received by per unit solid angle, and it is different from irradiance, where flux emitted by per unit area so Lambertian flux intensity is written as [25] ;…”

Impact of Transmitter Positioning and Orientation Uncertainty on RSS-Based Visible Light Positioning Accuracy

“…In this work, both LOS and NLOS transmission paths are assumed between the Txs and the Rx. However, for the NLOS path, we only consider the first reflection due to the fact that the second order reflections have much reduced intensities and therefore can be neglected [ 21 ]. Each Tx broadcast a unique 2-bit ID information, which is encoded and modulated using on-off keying (OOK), which allows separation at the Rx using a correlation method that can be received at the Rx in advance of location identification.…”

An Artificial-Noise-Based Approach for the Secrecy Rate Maximization of MISO VLC Wiretap Channel With Multi-Eves

“…The noise n b and n e,k are independent and identically distributed circularly symmetric Gaussian noises with variances whose samples are N (0, δ 2 b ) and N (0, δ 2 e,k I L k ), respectively. The noise consists of three main forms: thermal noise, ambient light noise, and shot noise [3]. The signal strength of line-of-sight (LoS) component is far higher than that of non-line-of-sight (NLoS) component [30], and thus only LoS component is considered in this paper.…”

“…Compared to the conventional radio frequency (RF) technology, it offers several advantages including the low cost in implementation and abundance in spectrum resources [1]. Recently, VLC has achieved rapid developments in many research fields, such as indoor localization [2], [3], vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to things (V2I) communication [4] and transceiver design [5], etc. In existing literatures, VLC systems can provide data rates up to a level of giga-bits [6], which satisfies the requirement of future wireless networks with high transmission speed.…”