Accuracy and resolution of direct resistive sensor-to-microcontroller interfaces

Reverter, Ferran; Barnils, José Jordana; Gasulla, Manel; Pallás-Areny, R.

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2005.01.010

Cited by 101 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…1a has been implemented using two commercial 8-bit CMOS microcontrollers (PIC16F877 and AVR ATmega328P) whose main features are summarised in Table I; the output resistance of the digital ports were measured using the method proposed in [10]. The PIC ran on a 20-MHz oscillator, but f s was four times lower (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to compensate for the temperature dependence and time drifts of L x , the circuit would require an L r with the same dependence. The application of a three-signal calibration technique [10,13] seems in principle unnecessary since the offset parasitic inductance (of some units of nanohenry) introduced by the circuit itself (for instance, due to the interconnections on the printed circuit board or to the bonding pad of the µC chip) is much lower than the sensor inductance (of some units or tens of millihenry).…”

Section: Operating Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if the parasitic resistances are not well-matched (basically due to the mismatch between R x and R r since the mismatch between R n,3 and R n,4 is expected to be just a few tenths of ohm [10]), then we can achieve * …”

Section: A Effect Of Parasitic Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the aim of reducing the cost and power consumption of sensor electronic interfaces, the concept of "direct interface circuit" has been widely proposed, analysed and tested for resistive [10][11][12] and capacitive [13][14][15] sensors. In these circuits, the sensor resistance (or capacitance) together with a capacitor (or resistor) form an RC circuit whose charging or discharging time is directly measured by a µC through an embedded digital timer and without using any intermediate active circuit (such as comparators, OpAmps, timers and/or ADC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of such circuits is quite remarkable taking into account their simplicity, for instance: a non-linearity error (NLE) of 0.01% full-scale span (FSS) and an effective resolution of 13 bits when measuring resistive sensors in the kiloohm range [10,11], and 0.1% FSS and 9 bits when measuring capacitive sensors in the picofarad range [13]. Although the same operating principle could be applied to measure inductive sensors by employing an RL circuit, instead of an RC circuit, formed by the sensor inductance and a resistor, no attempts to do so have been reported so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct inductive sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit

Kokolanski

Barnils

Gasulla

et al. 2015

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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Abstract-This paper proposes and analyses a microcontroller-based interface circuit for inductive sensors with a variable self-inductance. Besides the microcontroller (µC) and the sensor, the circuit just requires an external resistor and a reference inductor so that two RL circuits are formed. The µC appropriately excites such RL circuits in order to measure the discharging time of the voltage across each inductor (i.e. sensing and reference) and then it uses such discharging times to estimate the sensor inductance. Experimental tests using different commercial µCs at different clock frequencies show the limitations (especially, due to parasitic resistances and quantisation) and the performance of the proposed circuit when measuring inductances in the millihenry range. A non-linearity error lower than 0.3% FullScale Span (FSS) and a resolution of 10 bits are achieved, which are remarkable values considering the simplicity of the circuit.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operating Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Effect Of Parasitic Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct inductive sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit

Kokolanski

Barnils

Gasulla

et al. 2015

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

Self Cite

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Beyond Flexible: Unveiling the Next Era of Flexible Electronic Systems

Kim,

Almuslem,

Babatain

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Flexible electronics are integral in numerous domains such as wearables, healthcare, physiological monitoring, human–machine interface, and environmental sensing, owing to their inherent flexibility, stretchability, lightweight construction, and low profile. These systems seamlessly conform to curvilinear surfaces, including skin, organs, plants, robots, and marine species, facilitating optimal contact. This capability enables flexible electronic systems to enhance or even supplant the utilization of cumbersome instrumentation across a broad range of monitoring and actuation tasks. Consequently, significant progress has been realized in the development of flexible electronic systems. This study begins by examining the key components of standalone flexible electronic systems–sensors, front‐end circuitry, data management, power management and actuators. The next section explores different integration strategies for flexible electronic systems as well as their recent advancements. Flexible hybrid electronics, which is currently the most widely used strategy, is first reviewed to assess their characteristics and applications. Subsequently, transformational electronics, which achieves compact and high‐density system integration by leveraging heterogeneous integration of bare‐die components, is highlighted as the next era of flexible electronic systems. Finally, the study concludes by suggesting future research directions and outlining critical considerations and challenges for developing and miniaturizing fully integrated standalone flexible electronic systems.

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