Accuracy assessment of methods for determining hip movement in seated cycling

Neptune, Richard R.; Hull, Maury L.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(94)00080-n

Cited by 78 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Briefly, the crank, foot, leg and thigh segments were modeled as rigid segments. The position of the hip joint was inferred from the position of the right anterior superior iliac spine, assuming a constant offset that was measured in a static condition (Neptune and Hull, 1995). The location of the ankle joint was determined by the angular orientation of the crank and pedal, by the length from the pedal spindle to the lateral malleolus, and by assuming the position of the lateral malleolus relative to the pedal surface was fixed throughout the pedal cycle (Hull and Jorge, 1985).…”

Section: Derivation Of Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscular and non-muscular contributions to maximum power cycling in children and adults: implications for developmental motor control

Korff

Hunter

Martin

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYDuring submaximal cycling, children demonstrate a different distribution between muscular and non-muscular (gravitational and motion-dependent) forces when compared with adults. This is partly due to anthropometric differences. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that during maximum power cycling, children would construct the task (in terms of the distribution between muscular and non-muscular pedal power) similarly to adults. Eleven children (aged 8-9 years) and 13 adults (aged 20-40 years) performed a maximal isokinetic cycling task over 3 s at 115 r.p.m. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed no significant differences in normalized maximum, minimum and average positive non-muscular pedal power between children and adults (Wilksʼ λ=0.755, F 3,20 =2.17, P=0.124). Thus, maximum cycling is a developmental ʻself-scalingʼ task and age-related differences in muscular power production are not confounded by differences in anthropometry. This information is useful to researchers who wish to differentiate between muscular and non-muscular power when studying developmental motor control. In addition to the similarities in the distribution between muscular and non-muscular pedal power, we found age-related differences in the relative joint power contributions to total pedal power. In children, a significantly smaller proportion of total pedal power was generated at the ankle joint (6.1±5.4% for children and 12.6±3.2% for adults), whilst relatively more power was generated at the knee and hip joints. These results suggest that intermuscular coordination may be contributing to childrenʼs limits in maximum power production during multi-joint tasks.

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Section: Derivation Of Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscular and non-muscular contributions to maximum power cycling in children and adults: implications for developmental motor control

Korff

Hunter

Martin

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The center of the knee joint was estimated from the coordinates of a marker placed on the lateral femoral epicondyle. The hip joint center was estimated from the coordinates of markers placed on the greater trochanter and the anterior superior iliac spine using a method described by Neptune and Hull (1995).…”

Section: Data Collection Treatment and Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related differences in adaptation during childhood: the influences of muscular power production and segmental energy flow caused by muscles

Korff

Jensen

2006

Exp Brain Res

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Acquisition of skillfulness is not only characterized by a task-appropriate application of muscular forces but also by the ability to adapt performance to changing task demands. Previous research suggests that there is a different developmental schedule for adaptation at the kinematic compared to the neuro-muscular level. The purpose of this study was to determine how age-related differences in neuro-muscular organization affect the mechanical construction of pedaling at different levels of the task.By quantifying the flow of segmental energy caused by muscles, we determined the muscular synergies that construct the movement outcome across movement speeds. Younger children (5-7 years; n=11), older children (8-10 years; n=8), and adults (22-31 years; n=8) rode a stationary ergometer at 5 discrete cadences (60 rpm, 75 rpm, 90 rpm, 105 rpm, and 120 rpm). at 10% of their individually predicted peak power output. Using a forward dynamics simulation, we determined the muscular contributions to crank power, as well as muscular power delivered to the crank directly and indirectly (through energy absorption) during the downstroke and the upstroke of the crank cycle.We found significant Age x Cadence interactions for − peak muscular power at the hip joint (Wilks' Lambda=.441, F(8,42)=2.65, p=.019) indicating that at high movement speeds children produced less peak power at the hip than adults − muscular power delivered to the crank during the downstroke and the upstroke of the crank cycle (Wilks' Lambda=.399, F(8,42)=3.07, p=.009) indicating that children delivered a greater proportion of the power to the crank during the upstroke when compared to adults. − hip power contribution to limb power Wilks' Lambda=.454, F(8,42)=2.54, p=.023) indicating a cadence-dependence of age-related differences in the muscular synergy between hip extensors and plantarflexors.The results demonstrate that in spite of a successful performance, children construct the task of pedaling differently when compared to adults, especially when they are pushed to their performance limits. The weaker synergy between hip extensors and plantarflexors suggests that a lack of inter-muscular coordination, rather than muscular power production per-se, is a factor that limits children's performance ranges.3

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“…The subject was asked to be still with the crank parallel to the ground for 10 s while data were collected. This information was used later to calculate the center of hip joint rotation based on the ASIS marker [35].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetrical kinematics does not imply symmetrical kinetics in people with transtibial amputation using cycling model

Childers

Kogler

2014

J Rehabil Res Dev

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Abstract-People with amputation move asymmetrically with regard to kinematics (joint angles) and kinetics (joint forces and moments). Clinicians have traditionally sought to minimize kinematic asymmetries, assuming kinetic asymmetries would also be minimized. A cycling model evaluated locomotor asymmetries. Eight individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation pedaled with 172 mm-length crank arms on both sides (control condition) and with the crank arm length shortened to 162 mm on the amputated side (CRANK condition). Pedaling kinetics and limb kinematics were recorded. Joint kinetics, joint angles (mean and range of motion [ROM]), and pedaling asymmetries were calculated from force pedals and with a motion capture system. A one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc compared kinetics and kinematics across limbs. Statistical significance was set to p

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Accuracy assessment of methods for determining hip movement in seated cycling

Cited by 78 publications

References 9 publications

Muscular and non-muscular contributions to maximum power cycling in children and adults: implications for developmental motor control

Muscular and non-muscular contributions to maximum power cycling in children and adults: implications for developmental motor control

Age-related differences in adaptation during childhood: the influences of muscular power production and segmental energy flow caused by muscles

Symmetrical kinematics does not imply symmetrical kinetics in people with transtibial amputation using cycling model

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