Accuracy of Blood Glucose Monitoring for Patients: What It Is and How to Achieve It

Fleming, Doris R.

doi:10.1177/014572179402000606

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…iligent and timely control of blood glucose (BG) levels has recently emerged as a crucial element in diabetes therapy (1)(2)(3)(4). This development places a renewed emphasis on the importance of accurate monitoring of BG levels and, particularly, on the accuracy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) levels.…”

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confidence: 99%

A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose.

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE -The objectives of this study were 1) to construct new error grids (EGs) for blood glucose (BG) self-monitoring by using the expertise of a large panel of clinicians and 2) to use the new EGs to evaluate the accuracy of BG measurements made by patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -To construct newEGs for type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, a total of 100 experts of diabetes were asked to assign any error in BG measurement to 1 of 5 risk categories. We used these EGs to evaluate the accuracy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) levels in 152 diabetic patients. The SMBG data were used to compare the new type 1 diabetes EG with a traditional EG.RESULTS -Both the type 1 and type 2 diabetes EGs divide the risk plane into 8 concentric zones with no discontinuities. The new EGs are similar to each other, but they differ from the traditional EG in several significant ways. When used to evaluate a data set of measurements made by a sample of patients experienced in SMBG, the new type 1 diabetes EG rated 98.6% of their measurements as clinically acceptable, compared with 95% for the traditional EG. CONCLUSIONS -The consensus EGs furnish a new tool for evaluating errors in the mea E m e r g i n g T r e a t m e n t s a n d T e c h n o l o g i e s 1144DIABETES CARE, VOLUME 23, NUMBER 8, AUGUST 2000 New error grid for blood glucose 152 patients who routinely monitor their own BG. The study was performed in a diabetes clinic with patients using their own meters. The distribution of errors in our sample is considered in light of both EGs and the latest recommendations of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Consensus EGWe surveyed 100 physicians at the 1994 ADA Annual Meeting to construct an unbiased tool to analyze the clinical significance of SMBG measurement errors. All of the respondents were clinicians who treated diabetic patients. Pursuant to constructing an EG in the fashion of Clarke et al. (6), each doctor was asked to assign any plausible error in BG measurement to 1 of 5 risk categories. The risk categories, in order of increasing severity, were defined as follows: A: no effect on clinical action; B: altered clinical action or little or no effect on clinical outcome; C: altered clinical action-likely to effect clinical outcome; D: altered clinical action-could have significant medical risk; and E: altered clinical action-could have dangerous consequences.The above definitions were intended to correspond to the definitions of the risk zones in the Clarke EG while allowing the respondents maximal freedom to set their own boundaries. For example, zone A of the Clarke EG is defined as Ͻ20% deviation or having both reference and measured BGs Ͻ70 mg/dl. In addition, the UVA authors (6) stated that "values falling within this range are clinically accurate in that they would lead to clinically correct treatment decisions." Our definition of zone A asks each respondent to define his or her own range of "clinically accurate measurements," which is clarified as having "no effe...

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confidence: 99%

A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose.

et al. 2000

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“…Second, a HemoCue glucometer was used to measure the glucose values for 3HOGTT because of cultural beliefs, as explained earlier. The HemoCue glucose values may be up to 8% lower than plasma glucose values . Finally, anther limitation of our study is the lack of a Caucasian control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The HemoCue glucose values may be up to 8% lower than plasma glucose values. [34][35][36] Finally, anther limitation of our study is the lack of a Caucasian control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total adiponectin, but not inflammatory markers C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interluekin‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, correlates with increasing glucose intolerance in pregnant Chinese–Americans (总脂联素，而不是炎症标志物包括C‐反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子‐α、白细胞介素‐6以及单核细胞趋化蛋白‐1与妊娠的华裔美国人的葡萄糖耐量受损加重有关)

Kim

Araki

et al. 2014

Journal of Diabetes

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BackgroundElevated insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels and decreased high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW-APN) levels have been reported in Caucasians with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). No similar studies have been performed in Chinese women.MethodsSerum samples were obtained 1 h after a 50-g glucose challenge test (1HGCT) from Chinese–American women at 24–28 gestational weeks and total adiponectin (T-APN), HMW-APN, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 concentrations were measured. Correlation coefficients for glucose (1HGCT), HbA1c, insulin, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated against T-APN, HMW-APN, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. Significant P-values were determined using Bonferroni adjustments.ResultsWomen with GDM had higher insulin and 1HGCT and lower T-APN. In addition, T-APN was lower in non-GDM subjects who had 1HGCT ≥135 mg/dL with no abnormal or one abnormal glucose value on the 3-h oral glucose tolerance test. There were no significant differences in HMW-APN and inflammatory marker levels between non-GDM and GDM groups. There were negative correlations between T-APN and 1HGCT, insulin, BMI, and HbA1c, as well as between HMW-APN and 1HGCT, insulin, and BMI. No significant correlations were observed between 1HGCT, HbA1c, insulin, or BMI and CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, or MCP-1.ConclusionsT-APN is reduced in Chinese women with GDM and those without GDM but with evidence of glucose intolerance. Unlike results reported for Caucasians, Chinese–American women with GDM do not exhibit elevated levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, or MCP-1, possibly because Chinese women are relatively leaner compared with Caucasians.

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“…Then an insulating film (8) was subsequently screen-printed using Electrodag 451 SS insulating ink (Acheson, Michigan, USA) on the conducting film. The dielectric layer (8) covered portion of working electrode (2), reference/counter electrode (3), conducting traces (4, 5), but did not cover electric contact (6,7). Slurry material was prepared by homogenizing an aqueous solution comprising the following components and proportions (Table 1) using an ULTRA-TURRAX ® homogenizer (IKA, Model T-25) at 300 rpm.…”

Section: Preparation Of Disposable Glucose Test Stripmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochemical glucose test strip utilize redox mediators to facilitate charge exchange between enzyme and electrode, which offer significant advantages over the older optical technology, such as the fact that the blood does not go into the meter and the meters themselves tend to be much lighter and less cumbersome; but they also suffer some disadvantages. The electrochemical tests results are typically affected by ambient temperature and humidity [5], oxygen [6], other electroactive species present in the sample [7] and hematocrit of the sample [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposable glucose test strip for whole blood with integrated sensing/diffusion-limiting layer

Chen

Fang

Wang

et al. 2009

Electrochimica Acta

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Accuracy of Blood Glucose Monitoring for Patients: What It Is and How to Achieve It

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose.

A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose.

Disposable glucose test strip for whole blood with integrated sensing/diffusion-limiting layer

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