Accuracy of commercial electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) temperature control technology

Abstract

ObjectivesFor electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also commonly called e-cigarettes, coil temperature is a factor in the potential production of toxic chemical constituents. However, data are lacking regarding the temperatures that are achieved in the latest generation of these devices. Fourth-generation ENDS are capable of producing heating coil temperatures well above e-liquid boiling points, and allow the user to monitor and set the heating coil temperature during a puff. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy and consistency of the temperature measurement and control settings for different brands of fourth-generation ENDS.MethodsA study was performed using three commercially available, fourth-generation ENDS. The atomizer coil temperatures were obtained from the device (using the EScribe software) reading and from thermocouples attached to the coils during simulated puffing conditions. In addition, aerosol temperatures were measured inside the atomizer and at the mouthpiece.ResultsMeasured temperatures varied widely across samples taken from the same brand. For example, thermocouple measurements for one unit were 40 Celsius (°C) below the 300 °C set point, while another unit of the same brand exceeded the set point by more than 100 °C. We observed a significant variation in temperature (approximately 100 °C) along the length of the coil in some cases.ConclusionsThe possibility of wide temperature variation across ENDS samples, as well as variations between maximum coil temperatures and internal temperature readings, may have implications for studies that seek to determine correlations between coil temperature and toxin generation.

Vaping cartridge heating element compositions and evidence of high temperatures

“…The potential of the identified metals and ceramics to catalyze harmful VEA reactions or aerosolize is dependent on the internal device temperatures achieved in actual usage [ 5 , 13 , 15 , 23 ]. Previous studies have reported typical 100–400°C wetted coil temperatures, depending on the device design, flow conditions, voltage, and measurement position relative to the coil [ 10 , 11 , 17 – 18 ]. Temperatures as high as 1,000°C have been measured for “dry” coils without any e-liquid, so efficient wicking is important for delivering liquid to the coil and maintaining target coil temperatures [ 10 , 23 ].…”

“…A variety of nicotine E-cigarette cartridges and pods have been characterized by determining their design components [9], testing their heating coil temperature profiles [10,11], and measuring metal content of their e-liquids and airborne emissions [12][13][14][15][16]. To our knowledge, little comparable information exists in the peer reviewed literature for THC vaping devices [17,18].…”

CBD, a precursor of THC in e-cigarettes

“…Depending on e-liquid fill level, coil resistance and voltage settings, the coil temperatures of e-cigarettes ranges from 110 to 1008 °C 11 , 13 . Typical wetted coil temperature is 200–400 °C, extremely high temperatures (around 1000 °C) have been measured for dry coils without any e-liquid 14 .…”

SILVER SULFATE (Ag2SO4): MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND ION TRANSPORT

“…Densitas (146)(147)(148)(149) 2,61 g/cm 3(150) Titik didih (151)(152)(153)(154) Titik leleh (155)(156)(157)(158) 1.085 °C; 1.985 °F; 1.358 K (dekomposisi) 652 °C; 1.206 °F; 925 K Kelarutan dalam air (159-161) Dalam pelarut lain 0,79 gr/100 mL (20 °C) 1,30 gr/100 mL (80 °C) Larut dalam asam nitrat Tidak larut dalam etanol Struktur kristal (123,162,163) Ortorombik…”