Accuracy of localization of cervical intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion using survey radiography in dogs

Somerville, M E; Anderson, Shawnee; Gill, P J; Kantrowitz, B J; Stowater, J L

doi:10.5326/15473317-37-6-563

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The rate of this disorder in the Beagle is clearly larger in Japan than in other countries, and this may reflect the Beagle breeding rate in Japan. Age at admission in this study was in agreement with previous data that indicated a range of 7.4 to 8.2 years of age [4,8,11,28]. In the current study, females made up 37.1% of the C-IVDH group and males made up the other 62.9%, and these results indicate that male dogs are almost twice as likely as females to suffer C-IVDH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In the current study, females made up 37.1% of the C-IVDH group and males made up the other 62.9%, and these results indicate that male dogs are almost twice as likely as females to suffer C-IVDH. The predominance of males has been reported previously [8], which agrees with our results, while other reports have indicated that both sexes are at equal risk [4,28]. In light of these differing reports, it remains controversial whether sex can be considered a risk factor for C-IVDH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The breeds most frequently suffering from C-IVDH were the Beagle (34.8%) followed by the Dachshund (12.9%). Similar results have been reported previously, showing that the Dachshund (12.5%-43.3%) and Beagle (6.7%-17.5%) were the most frequent sufferers of C-IVDH, although the order was different from our results [4,8,11,28]. The rate of this disorder in the Beagle is clearly larger in Japan than in other countries, and this may reflect the Beagle breeding rate in Japan.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

et al. 2008

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ABSTRACT. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) in Japan in a large population using a retrospective study. The sample population was dogs (n=297) with IVDH in Japan. Medical records were reviewed for breed, sex, age, affected interspace and neurological severity. The dogs were comprised of 132 cases of cervical IVDH (C-IVDH) and 165 cases of thoracolumbar IVDH (TL-IVDH). In Japan, the Dachshund, Beagle and Shih Tzu tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH. The Shiba Inu, a characteristic Japanese dog breed, suffered from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH, although there was little data relating to the whole breed. Male dogs tended to suffer from C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at a rate almost twice that of females in Japan. Among the three predominant dog breeds, the Dachshund, Beagle and Shih Tzu, the Dachshund tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at an earlier age than the Beagle, and the Beagle tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH earlier than the Shih Tzu. Among the three predominant breeds, the Shih Tzu, in particular, tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at multiple sites. Our data from Japan were in partial agreement with previous data from the U.S.A., and epidemiological characteristics of IVDH peculiar to Japan were also identified. KEY WORDS: age at admission, canine, chondrodystrophoid dog, epidemiological study, intervertebral disc disease.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70 (7): [701][702][703][704][705][706] 2008 Cervical and thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in dogs seen in small animal practice [1]. Herniation of the disc causes various grades of myelopathy, including pain, paresis and sometimes permanent paralysis. The epidemiology of IVDH in dogs has been widely studied in the U.S.A., with studies investigating a variety of epidemiological factors including breed, sex, age, location of affected interspace, the time between onset of clinical signs to having a medical examination and the severity of the clinical signs. In particular, many reports have suggested that chondrodystrophoid dog breeds tend to suffer from IVDH, with a mean age at admission that differs significantly from other breeds [6,12,13,18,22]. Epidemiological data provide clinical veterinarians with an advantage prior to diagnosis or medical treatment of IVDH. However, in Japan, the epidemiological characteristics of IVDH in dogs have not been studied sufficiently [20]. Differences in the epidemiological characteristics of IVDH in dogs between the U.S.A. and Japan might exist because the characteristics of the disease may depend in part on the canine population or the living environment of the country. To establish whether this is the case, it is necessary to examine original Japanese epidemiological data for IVDH in dogs. Therefore, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of IVDH in Japan in a large population using a retrospective study, and in particular, evaluated the association between specific br...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

et al. 2008

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“…2 Computed tomography, myelography, and MRI appeared to be better diagnostic imaging methods for locating the site of disk herniation in dogs with suspected intervertebral disk disease. However, myelography reportedly has the most potential harmful adverse effects when used as the primary imaging method as well as when used in conjunction with CT. 1 Because of the relative benefits and safety of MRI, this imaging method was recommended to the dog' s owner for identification of the site and extent of the suspected spinal lesion.…”

Section: Clinical Decision and Outcomementioning

confidence: 97%

What Is the Evidence?

Aspirin¹,

Gordon‐Evans²

2010

javma

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ProblemA 9-year-old spayed female Miniature Pinscher was evaluated at the University of Illinois Small Animal Clinic because of a 1-month history of progressive weakness of all 4 limbs. At that time, physical examination revealed a body condition score of 5/9 (ideal) and the dog had nonambulatory tetraparesis. A neurologic examination revealed an absence of conscious proprioception in all 4 limbs. A pain response was elicited during flexion, extension, and lateral manipulation of the dog' s neck. All other physical and neurologic findings were unremarkable. A tentative diagnosis of compressive cervical intervertebral disk disease was made. To confirm this diagnosis and devise an optimal treatment plan, diagnostic imaging was necessary.The owners were willing to pursue any necessary diagnostic testing and treatment for their pet; finances were not an issue. Their expectations included the best patient care with the least amount of pain and complications. Diagnostic imaging methods available at the University of Illinois for evaluation of the cervical aspect of the spinal cord consisted of survey radiography, myelography, computed tomography (CT), and lowfield magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Formulation of the Clinical QuestionThe problem identified was a potential disk compression of the cervical spinal cord. The desired outcome was accurate identification of the site of suspected spinal cord compression. Ability to assess the extent of the extrusion of intervertebral disk material was also needed. This diagnostic information was considered of high importance for planning a surgical procedure for spinal cord decompression and was therefore critical for a successful outcome. Clinical QuestionFor the diagnosis of cervical intervertebral disk disease in dogs, which imaging method is most accurate in identifying the location and assessing the extent of a lesion? Evidentiary Search StrategyTo make a well-informed decision, an evidencebased approach was used. A targeted literature search,In cooperation with directed by the supervising clinician, was used to obtain recent and relevant articles for evaluation.The PubMed database was searched on July 16, 2009, with the full term canine cervical intervertebral disk disease and diagnosis. A 20-minute search yielded 30 reports; however, none of these reports included information on all of the imaging methods in question. Therefore, a broader search was performed with the abbreviated term canine intervertebral disk disease, resulting in the identification of 135 items in the English language, including 21 literature reviews. Titles were used first, followed by abstracts, to narrow the search focus by eliminating review articles and case series reports and including only studies in which diagnostic test performance was evaluated by direct comparison between 2 tests, deriving the sensitivity and specificity of a given test relative to a criterion-reference (gold) standard, or comparing testing process-associated complications between tests. Review of the EvidenceRetrospective ...

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“…Discography may be useful for non-mineralized, lateral extrusions (Felts and Prata, 1983;Wrigley and Reuter, 1984). Myelography or advanced imaging is necessary for definitive diagnosis (Somerville et al, 2001).…”

Section: Survey Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical disc disease

Sharp

2005

Small Animal Spinal Disorders

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Accuracy of localization of cervical intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion using survey radiography in dogs

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

What Is the Evidence?

Cervical disc disease

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