Accuracy of periodontitis diagnosis obtained using multiple molecular biomarkers in oral fluids: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

AimTo determine the accuracy of biomarker combinations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva through meta‐analysis to diagnose periodontitis in systemically healthy subjects.MethodsStudies on combining two or more biomarkers providing a binary classification table, sensitivity/specificity values or group sizes in subjects diagnosed with periodontitis were included. The search was performed in August 2022 through PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane, LILACS, SCOPUS and Web of Science. The methodological quality of the articles selected was evaluated using the QUADAS‐2 checklist. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic modelling was employed to perform the meta‐analyses (CRD42020175021).ResultsTwenty‐one combinations in GCF and 47 in saliva were evaluated. Meta‐analyses were possible for six salivary combinations (median sensitivity/specificity values): IL‐6 with MMP‐8 (86.2%/80.5%); IL‐1β with IL‐6 (83.0%/83.7%); IL‐1β with MMP‐8 (82.7%/80.8%); MIP‐1α with MMP‐8 (71.0%/75.6%); IL‐1β, IL‐6 and MMP‐8 (81.8%/84.3%); and IL‐1β, IL‐6, MIP‐1α and MMP‐8 (76.6%/79.7%).ConclusionsTwo‐biomarker combinations in oral fluids show high diagnostic accuracy for periodontitis, which is not substantially improved by incorporating more biomarkers. In saliva, the dual combinations of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and MMP‐8 have an excellent ability to detect periodontitis and a good capacity to detect non‐periodontitis. Because of the limited number of biomarker combinations evaluated, further research is required to corroborate these observations.

Plasmon resonance biosensor for interleukin-1β point-of-care determination: A tool for early periodontitis diagnosis

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Diagnostic accuracy of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)‐8 point‐of‐care test for detecting periodontitis in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…to refer patients to specialist periodontists for professional diagnosis and effective care (Blanco-Pintos et al, 2023). Moreover, POCT kits allow for individualized treatment plans, reducing the risk of over-or under-treatment, and offer an efficient and accurate method to determine the prevalence of periodontitis in epidemiological surveys compared to time-consuming full-mouth exams (Gul et al, 2020).…”

Dietary inflammatory index in relation to salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis: A cross‐sectional analysis

“…CRS is a cumulative analysis method of bacteria-and host-derived biomarkers, which are composed of the salivary levels of P. gingivalis, IL-1β and MMP-8 (Gursoy et al, 2011). Recent systematic reviews have indicated that salivary biomarkers have acceptable performance characteristics such as high sensitivity, specificity and predictive values (Arias-Bujanda et al, 2020;Blanco-Pintos et al, 2023;Sánchez-Medrano et al, 2023). Indeed, our group has successfully demonstrated that the cumulative use of biomarkers with an adaptive design has significant superiority over single biomarkers with respect to accuracy and has also validated the diagnostic accuracy of CRS in studies with unrelated populations (Gursoy et al, 2018;Salminen et al, 2014).…”