“…14 In circumvallate placenta, the membranes become tethered, often in association with a marginal infarct, hemorrhage, or fi brin deposition. 5 The parenchymal villous chorionic tissue continues to grow beyond the tethered membranes and bulges out peripherally. 5 In addition, circumvallation has been reported to occur as a result of reduced amniotic pressure, circumferential hemorrhage, or both.…”