Accuracy of stockpile estimates using low-cost sUAS photogrammetry

Mora, Omar E.; Chen, Jorge; Stoiber, Paul; Koppanyi, Zoltan; Pluta, Doug; Josenhans, Rich; Okubo, Matt

doi:10.1080/01431161.2020.1723167

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The traditional photogrammetric instruments include single-lens cameras, stereo cameras, RGB-D cameras, etc. Due to the advancement of camera technology and image processing algorithms in recent years, smartphone-based [ 235 , 236 , 237 ] and UAV-based [ 229 , 238 , 239 , 240 , 241 , 242 ] acquisition methods of point clouds have been developed and applied. The key benefit of most photogrammetric instruments is real-time acquisition (portable and flexible) at low cost.…”

Section: Research Topics Related To Tls In the Aec Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry

Yuan

Yang

et al. 2021

Sensors

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As a revolutionary technology, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is attracting increasing interest in the fields of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), with outstanding advantages, such as highly automated, non-contact operation and efficient large-scale sampling capability. TLS has extended a new approach to capturing extremely comprehensive data of the construction environment, providing detailed information for further analysis. This paper presents a systematic review based on scientometric and qualitative analysis to summarize the progress and the current status of the topic and to point out promising research efforts. To begin with, a brief understanding of TLS is provided. Following the selection of relevant papers through a literature search, a scientometric analysis of papers is carried out. Then, major applications are categorized and presented, including (1) 3D model reconstruction, (2) object recognition, (3) deformation measurement, (4) quality assessment, and (5) progress tracking. For widespread adoption and effective use of TLS, essential problems impacting working effects in application are summarized as follows: workflow, data quality, scan planning, and data processing. Finally, future research directions are suggested, including: (1) cost control of hardware and software, (2) improvement of data processing capability, (3) automatic scan planning, (4) integration of digital technologies, (5) adoption of artificial intelligence.

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Section: Research Topics Related To Tls In the Aec Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry

Yuan

Yang

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Estimating stockpile volumes in outdoor environments typically uses aerial imagery and photogrammetry as it is cheaper and faster when compared to other methods such as Robotic Total Station (RTS) [1], satellite-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveying [36], and LiDAR [37]. Photogrammetry relies on generating 3D digital models of physical objects from 2D images by creating a series of overlapping images to derive the 3D shape [38]. Mora et al [38] compared the advantages and limitations of existing outdoor stockpile mapping technologies, including drone photogrammetry, RTS, GNSS surveying and ground LiDAR.…”

Section: Outdoor Aerial Stockpile Volume Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photogrammetry relies on generating 3D digital models of physical objects from 2D images by creating a series of overlapping images to derive the 3D shape [38]. Mora et al [38] compared the advantages and limitations of existing outdoor stockpile mapping technologies, including drone photogrammetry, RTS, GNSS surveying and ground LiDAR. It was shown that photogrammetry with a low-cost drone has advantages with regards to cost, accuracy, collection time, and risk over RTS, GNSS, and ground LiDAR.…”

Section: Outdoor Aerial Stockpile Volume Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drone-Assisted Confined Space Inspection and Stockpile Volume Estimation

et al. 2021

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The accuracy of stockpile estimations is of immense criticality to process optimisation and overall financial decision making within manufacturing operations. Despite well-established correlations between inventory management and profitability, safe deployment of stockpile measurement and inspection activities remain challenging and labour-intensive. This is perhaps owing to a combination of size, shape irregularity as well as the health hazards of cement manufacturing raw materials and products. Through a combination of simulations and real-life assessment within a fully integrated cement plant, this study explores the potential of drones to safely enhance the accuracy of stockpile volume estimations. Different types of LiDAR sensors in combination with different flight trajectory options were fully assessed through simulation whilst mapping representative stockpiles placed in both open and fully confined areas. During the real-life assessment, a drone was equipped with GPS for localisation, in addition to a 1D LiDAR and a barometer for stockpile height estimation. The usefulness of the proposed approach was established based on mapping of a pile with unknown volume in an open area, as well as a pile with known volume within a semi-confined area. Visual inspection of the generated stockpile surface showed strong correlations with the actual pile within the open area, and the volume of the pile in the semi-confined area was accurately measured. Finally, a comparative analysis of cost and complexity of the proposed solution to several existing initiatives revealed its proficiency as a low-cost robotic system within confined spaces whereby visibility, air quality, humidity, and high temperature are unfavourable.

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“…Conventional topographic surveys, considered highly accurate, are generally carried out using total stations, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and optical levels [8]. These equipment have a high acquisition cost, require at least two workers to operate, and present the low spatial density of points necessary for digital elevation models (DEMs) generation, which increases survey costs [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Terrain Modelling by Remotely Piloted Aircraft: Optimization and Geometric Uncertainties in Precision Coffee Growing Projects

et al. 2022

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The implantation of coffee crop plantations requires cartographic data for dimensioning areas and planning the planting line. Digital terrain models (DTMs) obtained from remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) can contribute to efficient data collection for topography making this technique applicable to precision coffee projects. Aiming to achieve efficiency in the collection, processing and photogrammetric products quality, flight configurations and image processing were evaluated. Two hundred sixty-five points obtained by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers characterized the topographic surface. Then eighteen flight missions were carried out by RPA in the configurations of altitude above ground level (AGL) and frontal and lateral image overlay. In addition, different point cloud formats evaluated the image processing (time) efficiency in DTM. Flights performed at 120 m AGL and 80 × 80% overlap showed higher assertiveness and efficiency in generation DTMs. The 90 m AGL flight showed great terrain detail, causing significant surface differences concerning the topography obtained by GNSS. An increase in image overlap requires longer processing times, not contributing linearly to the geometric quality of orthomosaic. Slope ranges up to 20% are considered reliable for precision coffee growing projects; above 20% overestimates the slope values of the land. Changes in flight settings and image processing are satisfactory for precision coffee projects. Image overlap reduction was significant in reducing the processing time without influencing the quality of the DTMs. In addition, image processing performed in shallow point clouds did not interfere with the DTMs quality.

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Accuracy of stockpile estimates using low-cost sUAS photogrammetry

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry

Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry

Drone-Assisted Confined Space Inspection and Stockpile Volume Estimation

Digital Terrain Modelling by Remotely Piloted Aircraft: Optimization and Geometric Uncertainties in Precision Coffee Growing Projects

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