the metal surface because the metals behave as perfectly electric conductors instead of negative-permittivity dielectrics. Therefore, substantial efforts have been made to construct plasmonic metamaterials, which support spoof SPPs (SSPPs) mimicking the properties of the natural SPPs. [2] SSPPs can be implemented by a variety of structures, such as domino plasmonic waveguide, [3] wedge plasmonic waveguide, [4] helically grooved metallic wire, [5] wire converter, [6] channel plasmonic waveguide, [7] and 2D array of holes. [8] Subsequently, an ultrathin and flexible SSPP waveguide has been proposed to achieve the miniaturization and integration of plasmonic devices. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Based on this design, the high conversion efficiency between SSPPs and spatial waves has been realized in the microwave frequencies. [22][23][24][25] Compared to the traditional microstrips, the ultrathin SSPP waveguide has distinct advantages such as low loss, low crosstalk, and packaging minimization due to the feature of tight field confinements.The enhanced field intensity feature of SPPs allows for significant enhancement of the nonlinear effects. Various structures, such as L-shaped gold particles, [26] split-ring resonators (SRRs), [27][28][29] gold meta-atom with threefold rotational symmetry, [30] super-thin silver nanowire, [31] G-shaped chiral particles ordered in different ways [32] to introduce a plasmonic gap in waveguide, [33] have been proposed to enhance the second harmonic generations (SHGs). To further improve the conversion efficiency of SHG, a critical phase-matching condition needs to be fulfilled. Recently, a non-centrosymmetric structure has been proposed to satisfy the phase-matching condition, in which the conversion efficiency is two orders higher than the previous work without using the phase matching. [34] At microwave frequencies, the nonlinear process has also been explored in metamaterials and metasurfaces, [35][36][37][38][39] especially in the plasmonic metamaterials. [40][41][42][43][44] In 2011, Smith et al. demonstrated that the quasiphase matching condition can improve the SHG intensity by introducing the nonlinear varactor diodes into the gap of split-ring resonator. [38] However, the above-mentioned nonlinear metasurface is difficult to apply for the integrated communication systems. [38] To realize compact and efficient nonlinear SPP devices, ultrathin Second-harmonic generation (SHG) has recently been explored in plasmonic metamaterials, but real-time tunability of the nonlinear process still remains a challenge and has not been reported. Here, an ultrathin spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguide loaded with varactor diodes is proposed to achieve high conversion efficiencies of SHGs in both forward and backward phase-matching conditions in the same frequency band. The dispersion behaviors of SSPPs can be manipulated by adjusting the capacitance of the varactor diodes loaded on the unit structure, allowing forward and backward phase-matching for both fu...