Self-reported medication adherence is known to overestimate true adherence. However, little is known about patient factors that may contribute to the upward bias in self-reported medication adherence. The Objective of this study is to examine whether demographic, behavioral, medication, and mood factors are associated with being a false positive self-reported adherer (FPA) to antihypertensive drug treatment. We studied 175 patients (mean age: 50 years; 57% men) from primary care clinics starting antihypertensive drug treatment. Self-reported adherence was measured with the medication adherence report scale (MARS) and by the number of drug doses missed in the previous week/month and compared to pill count adherence (PCAR) as gold standard. Data on adherence, demographic, behavioral, medication, and mood factors were collected at baseline and every three months up to 1 year. FPA was defined as being non-adherer by PCAR and adherer by self-report. Mixed effect logistic regression was used for the analysis. Twenty percent of participants were FPA. Anxiety increased (odds ratio -OR: 3.00; P=0.01), while smoking (OR: 0.40; P=0.03), and drug side effects (OR: 0.46, P=0.03) decreased the probability for FPA by MARS. An educational below completed high school increased the probability of being a FPA as measured by missing doses in the last month (OR: 1.66; P=0.04) and last week (OR: 1.88; P=0.02). The validity of self-reported adherence varies significantly according to drug side effects, behavioral factors, and patient’s mood. Careful consideration should be given to the use of self-reported measures of adherence among patients likely to be false-positive adherers.