The effective integration of the Civic and Political Science Program into higher education and its positive impact on the career and ideological development of students is not only the purpose of setting up the Civic and Political Science Program but also a prominent manifestation of the fact that colleges and universities attach great importance to the effectiveness of educating people. This study aims to construct a teaching quality assessment system for “big ideology and politics course” in private colleges and universities in Jilin Province, effectively utilize the results of the development of data mining technology, and better provide advice for the development of ideology and politics course education in colleges and universities. The study utilizes cluster analysis in data mining technology to derive the overall assessment items of the teaching quality assessment system, i.e., the four aspects of teaching preparation, teaching implementation, teaching effect, and teaching research. Different weights were assigned to four items, 13 primary indicators, and 53 secondary indicators in the assessment system using the improved Apriori algorithm. From the constructed teaching quality assessment system of “big ideology and politics course” in private universities in Jilin Province, it can be seen that the highest weight of teaching effect indicators among the four evaluation items is 0.35, and the highest weight of student learning indicators among the teaching effect indicators is 0.57. Such a hierarchical progression can be concluded that the teaching quality of “big ideology and politics courses” in private universities in Jilin Province has been improved by the Apriori algorithm. It can be concluded that private colleges and universities in Jilin province, in the process of educational practice and construction of “big ideology and politics course”, should focus on the teaching effect of the course and, at the same time, should give full play to the students’ subjectivity and creativity in the process of the course practice, so as to push the education and teaching of “big ideology and politics course” to a new level.
