Accurate Detection of Metabolically Active “Brown” and “White” Adipose Tissues with Computed Tomography

Ahmadi, Naser; Hajsadeghi, Fereshteh; Conneely, Mark; Mingos, Mark; Arora, Rohit; Budoff, Matthew J.; Ebrahimi, Ramin

doi:10.1016/j.acra.2013.08.012

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is known that human BAT is a mixture of brown and white adipocytes, and the separation into various components can be achieved with specific CT radiodensity cut‐off values (HU units scale) . In our data, before surgery, obese subjects had decreased sBAT (%) in the supraclavicular depot, as has been reported previously .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The entire supraclavicular region was manually marked and voxels between −250 and −50 HU were thresholded . The quantity of brown (sBAT) and white (sWAT) adipose tissue in the supraclavicular fat depot were estimated using voxels within −87.5 and −50 HU and −92.4 to 250 HU, respectively . The mean CT radiodensity values of all studied tissues, and the respective voxel‐derived volumes of sBAT and sWAT were recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, lower CT radiodensity signifies adipocyte hypertrophy and an increased triglyceride content, which may reflect systemic inflammation and an unfavourable metabolic state . Additionally, CT radiodensity can quantitatively distinguish BAT from WAT based on specific threshold values …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Brown adipose tissue lipid metabolism in morbid obesity: Effect of bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss

Dadson

Hannukainen

U-Din

et al. 2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Brown adipose tissue lipid metabolism in morbid obesity: Effect of bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss

Dadson

Hannukainen

U-Din

et al. 2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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show abstract

“…This study could not differentiate brown fat from white fat with CT numbers optimized for segmenting adipose tissue from muscle. Based on 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (positron emission tomography)/CT studies, metabolically active brown fat has higher Hounsfield units (HUs) than inert white fat3031. Further studies are needed to separate brown fat from white fat based on proper CT selection because it is metabolically active and predominates in lean adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility and Repeatability of Computer Tomography-based Measurement of Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissues

Lee¹,

Hsiao²,

Yang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Excessive accumulation of abdominal adipose tissue is a widely recognized as a major feature of obesity, and it can be quantified by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, in a phantom study, the inter- and intra-instrument reliability of DXA remains unpredictable. Thus, we attempted to determine the precision of estimates from computer tomography-based measurements and analysis with AZE Virtual Place software. To determine the inter-rater reproducibility and intra-rater repeatability of adipose tissue area estimates, we used the automatic boundary-tracing function of the AZE Virtual Place to generate cross-sectional areas of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues from the abdomen of reconstructed CT images. The variability of inter-rater and intra-rater estimates expressed as the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.47% to 1.43% for subcutaneous adipose tissue and 1.08% to 2.20% for visceral adipose tissue; the optimal coefficient of variation of the fat rate calculation ranged from 0.55% to 1.13%, respectively. There was high and significant correlation between adipose tissue areas as estimated in 40 obese subjects by two raters or repeatedly on 20 obese subjects by either rater. This indicates excellent reproducibility and repeatability via a computer tomography-based measurement of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues.

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“…On a calibrated CT system, pure water has a HU density of zero. With the exception of air in the background, in lungs, and in gastrointestinal tracts, AT is the only other structure in vivo that is represented by a range of negative HU density values [47, 48], while all other non-adipose-tissue structures occupy the positive HU range. In the literature, slightly different negative HU ranges have been used to threshold WAT with similar outcomes, such as −190 to −30 [49, 50], −190 to −45 [51], −150 to −50 [10, 52], −130 to −10 [53], and −250 to −50 [54].…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Signal Contrast In Ct and Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmentation and quantification of adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging

Chen

Shen

2015

Magn Reson Mater Phy

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In this brief review, introductory concepts in animal and human adipose tissue segmentation using proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography are summarized in the context of obesity research. Adipose tissue segmentation and quantification using spin relaxation-based (e.g., T1-weighted, T2-weighted), relaxometry-based (e.g., T1-, T2-, T2*-mapping), chemical-shift selective, and chemical-shift encoded water–fat MRI pulse sequences are briefly discussed. The continuing interest to classify subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots into smaller sub-depot compartments is mentioned. The use of a single slice, a stack of slices across a limited anatomical region, or a whole body protocol is considered. Common image post-processing steps and emerging atlas-based automated segmentation techniques are noted. Finally, the article identifies some directions of future research, including a discussion on the growing topic of brown adipose tissue and related segmentation considerations.

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Accurate Detection of Metabolically Active “Brown” and “White” Adipose Tissues with Computed Tomography

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Brown adipose tissue lipid metabolism in morbid obesity: Effect of bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss

Brown adipose tissue lipid metabolism in morbid obesity: Effect of bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss

Reproducibility and Repeatability of Computer Tomography-based Measurement of Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissues

Segmentation and quantification of adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging

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