Accurate determination of gain and radiation patterns by radar cross-section measurements

Abstract

Abstruct-Using a two-port network and geometrical interpretation of equations involved in antenna scattering, it can be derived that antenna characteristics may be determined in properly designed scattering measurements. As an alternative to this approach it is shown that measurement procedures for gain and radiation pattern can be developed from simple considerations of the receiving, transmitting, and scattering properties of antennas. The main advantages of the technique are that no gain standard is required and a disturbing feedline to the antenna can be avoided. In addition to this the technique seems to be highly accurate. These general conclusions are well corroborated by experimental data on a standard gain horn. Sources of errors are outlined and compared with sources of errors in conventional techniques. D

Receiving‐antenna Kirchhoff‐equivalent circuits and their scattering reciprocity properties

“…(29)]. For an interesting application of the latter in antenna scattering cross-section measurements we refer the reader to [20]. For example, from (38) it may be deduced that Norton's equivalent circuit can be used to estimate the total scattered power of a wire dipole antenna except for the neighbourhood of its resonance frequency, where the corresponding short-circuited antenna shows a peak in the total scattered power {see e.g.…”

Characterization of Transponder Antennas Using Intermodulation Response

“…If one antenna is used to both transmit and receive, then Ω R = Ω T and the gain can be solved directly from (16). The gain is…”

“…In these techniques, the scattered signal from an antenna is measured by connecting different known loads at the antenna port. Such methods have been developed for antenna gain [16] and impedance [17], [18]. Although a cable is not needed, the methods necessitate that the antenna port can be terminated with different known loads.…”

Theoretical and Experimental Determination of the Polarimetric Antenna Radar Cross Section

“…Appel-Hansen (1979) has pointed out the advantages of the method Downloaded by ["Queen's University Libraries, Kingston"] at 16:20 02 January 2015 compared to transmission type measurements and slight modifications to the original sliding short -load techniques have been suggested recently by Lambert et. al.…”