Accurate In Situ Monitoring of Mitochondrial H₂O₂ by Robust SERS Nanoprobes with a Au–Se Interface

Abstract

Mitochondrial redox homeostasis plays a vital role in many biological processes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one of the most important components for the balance between oxidizing species and reducing species, also acts as the messenger of mitochondrial damage. Thus, an accurate in situ quantitative detection of H2O2 in mitochondria is very important for the evaluation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis. Here, we develop robust surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanoprobes based on Au nanoparticles as SERS substrate and functionalized carrier, which is further modified with a phenylboronic acid pinacol ester for specific H2O2 response and a location peptides for mitochondrial targeting by creating a robust Au–Se interface. The SERS nanoprobes show good resistance to abundant thiol under biological conditions and superior performance for mitochondria H2O2 monitoring in living cells than the SERS nanoprobes with the traditional Au–S interface, which enables us to achieve in situ quantification of mitochondrial H2O2 and obtain its real-time dynamic change under oxidative stress.

In Situ Monitoring of Hydrogen Peroxide Released from Living Cells Using a ZIF-8-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor

“…H 2 O 2 is one of the most stable and abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules in living organisms, playing a crucial role in redox signaling processes. 1,2 While the normal level of H 2 O 2 is essential for cell survival, excessive production leads to oxidative damage to cells and causes various physical diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular dysfunctions, inflammation, and even cancer. 3−6 H 2 O 2 can also easily transfer across plasma membranes from living cells, involving in transmembrane redox signaling processes.…”

“…H 2 O 2 is one of the most stable and abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules in living organisms, playing a crucial role in redox signaling processes. , While the normal level of H 2 O 2 is essential for cell survival, excessive production leads to oxidative damage to cells and causes various physical diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular dysfunctions, inflammation, and even cancer. − H 2 O 2 can also easily transfer across plasma membranes from living cells, involving in transmembrane redox signaling processes. , Consequently, establishing an approach for sensitive and real-time monitoring of H 2 O 2 secreted from living cells is not only of great importance for early diagnosis but also for understanding the mechanism of membrane diffusion of H 2 O 2 and the behavior among cells. , To date, various analytical techniques were applied, such as fluorescence, electrochemistry, chemiluminescence, and so on, for the detection of H 2 O 2 . − Despite important progress, several factors hamper their widespread use, such as relatively long reaction time, low sensitivity, and self-interference. ,− Therefore, there is still plenty of room to explore efficient and interference-free approaches with high sensitivity for the determination of H 2 O 2 levels to aid in early disease diagnosis.…”

Visualizing Oxidative Stress Level for Timely Assessment of Ischemic Stroke via a Ratiometric Near-Infrared-II Luminescent Nanoprobe

“…As seen in Figure S17, the intensities of both channels decreased along with depth but the ratiometric value at various depths changed slightly. Macrophages and neutrophils can be activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, which will lead to oxidative stress and an increased concentration of ROS including HOCl and ·OH . Thus, a LPS-induced oxidative stress model was established to explore the response capability of IR-LnNPs in vivo .…”

“…Macrophages and neutrophils can be activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, which will lead to oxidative stress and an increased concentration of ROS including HOCl and •OH. 44 Thus, a LPS-induced oxidative stress model was established to explore the response capability of IR-LnNPs in vivo. The mice were divided into three groups and intraperitoneally (I.P.)…”

Deployment of MIL-88B(Fe)/TiO2 Nanotube-Supported Ti Wires as Reusable Electrochemiluminescence Microelectrodes for Noninvasive Sensing of H2O2 from Single Cancer Cells

“…Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is generated from the metabolic processes in living organisms and considered as an essential messenger molecule for understanding the physiology and pathology of tumor cells. , It is being increasingly recognized that new knowledge of cell heterogeneity can provide much deeper insights into the tumor biology and help in the development of targeted therapies. , To date, various approaches have been developed for H 2 O 2 detection at the cellular level, such as colorimetry, chemiluminescence, fluorescence, , surface-enhanced Raman scattering, , and electrochemical methods. − Although a large number of H 2 O 2 sensors have been developed in recent years, it is essential to construct low-cost quantification assays for the sensitive analysis of H 2 O 2 at the single-cell level for gaining insights into the oxygen metabolism in individual cells. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL), a technology for electrical-to-optical conversion, has been widely used in the construction of biosensors for in vitro H 2 O 2 monitoring. − Traditional ECL systems are mainly constructed based on the reaction between a luminophore ( i.e.…”