Accurate symbol-level synchronization of universal software radio peripherals for physical-layer network coding applications

Distributed Physical-layer Network Coding MAC protocol

“…Therefore, the relay node can effectively receive and map the data from both nodes A and B into PNC data. The synchronization process of the two edge nodes A and B to the relay node R requires multiple exchanges of messages (at least two) [17,18,4,19,9,20,21].…”

“…• Reliable coordination: Involved nodes in the TWRC scenario could carry their clock information in the control frames (RTS, CTS, ...) to coordinate the channel access between them and guarantee a simultaneous data transmission when performing PNC. The initial synchronization of the clocks of the nodes can be inspired from [30], [17], [19], [18], [4], [20], [9], and [21].…”