Accurate Gaussian basis sets (18s for Li and Be and 20s11p for the atoms from B to Ne) for the first-row atoms, generated with an improved generator coordinate Hartree-Fock method, were contracted and enriched with polarization functions. These basis sets were tested for B 2 , C 2 , BeO, CN − , LiF, N 2 , CO, BF, NO + , O 2 , and F 2 . At the Hartree-Fock (HP), second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2), fourth-order Møller-Plesset (MP4), and density functional theory (DFT) levels, the dipole moments, bond lengths, and harmonic vibrational frequencies were studied, and at the MP2, MP4, and DFT levels, the dissociation energies were evaluated and compared with the corresponding experimental values and with values obtained using other contracted Gaussian basis sets and numerical HF calculations. For all diatomic molecules studied, the differences between our total energies, obtained with the largest contracted basis set [6s5p3d1f], and those calculated with the numerical HF methods were always less than 3.2 mhartree.