ACE ID Genotype and the Muscle Strength and Size Response to Unilateral Resistance Training

Pescatello, Linda S.; Kostek, Matthew C.; Gordish‐Dressman, Heather; Thompson, Paul D.; Seip, Richard L.; Price, Thomas B.; Angelopoulos, Theodore J.; Clarkson, Priscilla M.; Gordon, Paul M.; Moyna, Niall M.; Visich, Paul S.; Zoeller, Robert F.; Devaney, Joseph M.; Hoffman, Eric P.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000222835.28273.80

Cited by 94 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…64,67,68,70 Most have reported no association with muscle mass and it appears unlikely that ACE genotype contributes significantly to muscle mass phenotypes.…”

Section: Acementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic aspects of skeletal muscle strength and mass with relevance to sarcopenia

Roth¹

2012

BoneKEy Reports

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Skeletal muscle is a highly heritable quantitative trait, with heritability estimates ranging 30 -85 % for muscle strength and 50 -80 % for lean mass. That strong genetic contribution indicates the possibility of using genetic information to individualize treatments for sarcopenia or even aid in prevention strategies through the use of genetic screening prior to the functional limitations. Though these possibilities provide the rationale for genetic studies of skeletal muscle traits, few genes have been identified that appear to contribute to variation in either skeletal muscle strength or mass phenotypes, and sarcopenia per se is remarkably understudied as a trait in this regard. This review examines the heritability of skeletal muscle traits, findings of linkage and genome-wide association analyses and impact of specific genes and gene-sequence variants on these traits as relevant to sarcopenia. Despite considerable work in the area, the genetic underpinnings of skeletal muscle traits remain largely unknown and the genetic aspects of sarcopenia are even less clear. Large-scale longitudinal clinical studies relying on advanced genome-wide association and other techniques are needed to provide further insights into the genes and gene variants that contribute to skeletal muscle strength and mass, and ultimately to susceptibility to sarcopenia.

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“…64,67,68,70 Most have reported no association with muscle mass and it appears unlikely that ACE genotype contributes significantly to muscle mass phenotypes.…”

Section: Acementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic aspects of skeletal muscle strength and mass with relevance to sarcopenia

Roth¹

2012

BoneKEy Reports

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“…This method imaged a 24 cm length of each arm. 28 Images were analyzed using a customdesigned interactive processing and visualization program that operates in Matlab (The Math Works, Inc., Natick, MA). This software enables the user to assign regions of interest (ROI) in an image set by tracing region borders with a mouse.…”

Section: Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the pre-training mCSA (cm 2 ) is subtracted from the post-training mCSA (cm 2 ), the training effect can be compared within subjects. 28 …”

Section: Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength, Size, and Muscle Quality in the Upper Arm following Unilateral Training in Younger and Older Males and Females

Tanton

Cappaert

Gordon

et al. 2009

Clinical medicine. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders

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Purpose: To assess strength, size, and muscle quality differences between younger and older males and females in response to training. Methods:The bicep and tricep of the non-dominant arm were trained for twelve weeks in younger and older males and females (n = 41). The bicep of both arms were assessed pre and post for muscle strength using one-repetition maximum (1 RM) testing, and size using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results: Strength (p Ͻ 0.05), mCSA (p Ͻ 0.05), and 1 RM MQ (p Ͻ 0.00) increased in response to training in all subjects regardless of age or gender. Younger and older subjects had similar increases in strength (45.49 ± 15.30% vs. 42.67 ± 26.67% respectively), mCSA (16.22 ± 7.98% vs. 19.17 ± 6.19% respectively), and 1RM MQ (25.73 ± 15.76 vs. 19.67 ± 20.66 respectively). Women increased their strength (55.59 ± 19.45% vs. 32.87 ± 15.66% p Ͻ 0.00 respectively), size (20.36 ± 6.29% vs. 14.72 ± 7.28% p Ͻ 0.02 respectively), and 1 RM MQ (29.74 ± 18.33% vs. 16.30 ± 15.59% p Ͻ.02) more than men. In comparing age and gender, younger females increased their strength more than older males (56.42 ± 12.92% vs. 29.17 ± 21.8% p Ͻ.02 respectively). Older females also increased their strength more than older males (54.68 ± 25.73 vs. 29.17 ± 21.80% respectively). Younger females increased their 1 RM MQ more than older males (.18 ± .08 kg/cm vs. .06 ± .08 kg/cm p Ͻ.02 respectively). Conclusion:Strength and mCSA increases similarly in older and younger subjects. However, the overall strength and quality of the muscle seems to improve more in women than in men.

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“…However, the differences observed in the present study were modest when considering the high heritability of musclerelated phenotypes (Liu et al 2009;De Mars et al 2008). Probably, many genes with small contributions, rather than few genes with strong influence, are expected to determine the interindividual differences of such traits (Thompson et al 2004;De Mars et al 2008;Pescatello et al 2006). Thus, the present study provides evidence that the studied polymorphism (rs16892496) in the TRHR gene is one genetic variant AFFM appendicular fat-free mass, PT peak torque AGE (2013AGE ( ) 35:2477AGE ( -2483that contributes to FFM and muscle strength in crosssectional analyses, though its clinical relevance remains to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Association between polymorphisms in the TRHR gene, fat-free mass, and muscle strength in older women

Lunardi

Lima

Pereira

et al. 2013

AGE

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A previous genome-wide association study suggested that polymorphisms in the thyrotrophinreleasing hormone receptor (TRHR) gene contribute to fat-free mass (FFM) variation. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between polymorphisms in the TRHR gene with FFM and muscle strength in older women. Volunteers (n =241; age=66.65± 5.5 years) underwent quadriceps strength assessment using isokinetics and fat-free mass by dual-energy Xray absorptiometry. TRHR polymorphisms and ancestryinformative markers were genotyped through standard procedures. No significant difference was observed for rs7832552. Regarding the rs16892496, ANCOVA revealed that appendicular fat-free mass (AFFM) and relative AFFM were significantly different between groups (p=0.04 and p=0.05, respectively). Individuals carrying A/A and A/C genotypes respectively showed, on average, an extra 1 kg and 900 g of AFFM when compared to C/C genotype carriers. Also, the C/C genotype group presented a significantly higher chance to have reduced muscle strength. The observations presented here provide further evidence that the rs16892496 polymorphism in the TRHR gene may play a role in FFM variation. Moreover, the results bring the novel insight that this genetic variant can present a modest contribution to muscle strength in older women.

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ACE ID Genotype and the Muscle Strength and Size Response to Unilateral Resistance Training

Abstract: ACE ID genotype is associated with the contralateral effects of unilateral RT, perhaps more so than with the muscle strength and size adaptations that result from RT.

Cited by 94 publications

References 27 publications

Genetic aspects of skeletal muscle strength and mass with relevance to sarcopenia

Genetic aspects of skeletal muscle strength and mass with relevance to sarcopenia

Strength, Size, and Muscle Quality in the Upper Arm following Unilateral Training in Younger and Older Males and Females

Association between polymorphisms in the TRHR gene, fat-free mass, and muscle strength in older women

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