ACE2 Expression on the Keratinocytes and SARS-CoV-2 Percutaneous Transmission: Are they Related?

Zhu, Ruixuan; Shi, Yaqian; Tan, Yixin; Xiao, Rong

doi:10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.019

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…While exogenous Ace2 expression is sufficient to render cells competent for SARS-Cov-2 infection 3 , tissue expression of Ace2 is not always an indicator of viral tropism 4 . A case in point is the skin that expresses Ace2 in the epidermis in-vivo 5 , and keratinocytes in-vitro (Fig S1A) but nevertheless is not considered as a primary route of infection 6 . In support of this, exposure of human epidermal keratinocytes to SARS-CoV-2 does not result in a productive infection (Fig S1B).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Niacinamide enhances cathelicidin mediated SARS-CoV-2 membrane disruption

Bhatt

Khedkar

Dam

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The continual emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants threatens to compromise the effectiveness of worldwide vaccination programs, and highlights the need for complementary strategies for a sustainable containment plan. An effective approach is to mobilize the body′s own antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and propagation. We have found that human cathelicidin (LL37), an AMP found at epithelial barriers as well as in various bodily fluids, has the capacity to neutralise multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2. Biophysical and computational studies indicate that LL37′s mechanism of action is through the disruption of the viral membrane. This antiviral activity of LL37 is enhanced by the hydrotropic action of niacinamide, which may increase the bioavailability of the AMP. Interestingly, we observed inverse correlation between LL37 levels and disease severity of COVID-19 positive patients, suggesting enhancement of AMP response as an interesting therapeutic avenue to mitigate disease severity. The combination of niacinamide and LL37 is a potent antiviral formulation that targets viral membranes of various variants and can potentially overcome vaccine escape.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Niacinamide enhances cathelicidin mediated SARS-CoV-2 membrane disruption

Bhatt

Khedkar

Dam

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…En la piel, la expresión de ECA-2 es mayor en los queratinocitos en comparación con las células de las glándulas sudoríparas, los fibroblastos y los melanocitos (18,19) . Hasta el momento, no se ha establecido la transmisión percutánea del virus (19)(20)(21) .…”

Section: Mecanismos Fisiopatológicosunclassified

“…El virus podría desencadenar apoptosis de las células que invade; a nivel del endotelio vascular, causa daño inflamatorio directo sobre las células, que progresa a microangiopatía sistémica y coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID) en casos severos, lo que sugiere que esta condición sea una vasculitis viral generalizada con manifestaciones cutáneas (14,16,24) . En los linfocitos T, promueve su apoptosis, lo que genera linfopenia, alteración de la respuesta inmunitaria adaptativa e infección descontrolada (17,21,25) . La replicación inicial del virus en las células epiteliales conduciría a su propagación hematógena, con exposición de fragmentos de la cápside viral al complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad tipo I, que activaría los linfocitos T CD8 + (24) .…”

Section: Mecanismos Fisiopatológicosunclassified

Manifestaciones dermatológicas por Covid-19 y su aporte en la comprensión de la enfermedad

Mojica

Zamudio

Naranjo

2022

rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol.

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La enfermedad por coronavirus (Covid-19) presenta compromiso multisistémico y hasta en el 20% de los casos puede exhibir signos dermatológicos. Se realiza una revisión narrativa de la literatura acerca de las principales manifestaciones mucocutáneas asociadas a la infección por Covid-19. También se describen brevemente los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y se lleva a cabo una clasificación de las lesiones en maculopapulares, urticariales, vesiculoampollosas, tipo pernio, livedo necróticas, vasculíticas, con compromiso del folículo piloso, ungular u oral. Se presentan sus principales características clínicas, histopatológicas y tratamientos.

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“…While exogenous ACE2 expression is sufficient to render cells competent for SARS-CoV-2 infection (3), tissue expression of ACE2 is not always an indicator of viral tropism (4). A case in point is the skin, which expresses ACE2 in the epidermis in-vivo (5), and keratinocytes in-vitro (Figures 1A, S1A) but nevertheless, it is not considered as a primary route of infection (6). In support of this, exposure of human epidermal keratinocytes to SARS-CoV-2 does not result in a productive infection (Figure 1B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niacinamide enhances cathelicidin mediated SARS-CoV-2 membrane disruption

Bhatt,

Dam,

Khedkar

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The continual emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants threatens to compromise the effectiveness of worldwide vaccination programs, and highlights the need for complementary strategies for a sustainable containment plan. An effective approach is to mobilize the body’s own antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and propagation. We have found that human cathelicidin (LL37), an AMP found at epithelial barriers as well as in various bodily fluids, has the capacity to neutralise multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2. Biophysical and computational studies indicate that LL37’s mechanism of action is through the disruption of the viral membrane. This antiviral activity of LL37 is enhanced by the hydrotropic action of niacinamide, which may increase the bioavailability of the AMP. Interestingly, we observed an inverse correlation between LL37 levels and disease severity of COVID-19 positive patients, suggesting enhancement of AMP response as a potential therapeutic avenue to mitigate disease severity. The combination of niacinamide and LL37 is a potent antiviral formulation that targets viral membranes of various variants and can be an effective strategy to overcome vaccine escape.

show abstract

ACE2 Expression on the Keratinocytes and SARS-CoV-2 Percutaneous Transmission: Are they Related?

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Niacinamide enhances cathelicidin mediated SARS-CoV-2 membrane disruption

Niacinamide enhances cathelicidin mediated SARS-CoV-2 membrane disruption

Manifestaciones dermatológicas por Covid-19 y su aporte en la comprensión de la enfermedad

Niacinamide enhances cathelicidin mediated SARS-CoV-2 membrane disruption

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