Acetaldehyde

Rajendram, Roshanna; Rajendram, Rajkumar; Preedy, Victor R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800213-1.00051-1

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Acetaldehyde, for instance, is a highly reactive and toxic compound. With a 4 h LC50 of acetaldehyde in rats 13,300 ppm (24.0 g m −3 air), this chemical is considered a Class 1 toxin (human carcinogen), and the primary source of it is alcohol consumption [47]. Still, there are many other sources of acetaldehyde.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wood Vinegar from Slow Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus Wood: Assessment of Removing Contaminants by Sequential Vacuum Distillation

Pimenta,

Gama,

Feijó

et al. 2023

Forests

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Eucalyptus wood vinegar (WV) is a versatile natural product employed in several areas such as for agriculture, zootechnics, and veterinary applications. However, the product may contain contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, methanol, metals, and so on in its raw form. Thus, refining is required to remove them. Only after reaching a high-purity grade can WV be applied as a basis for pharmaceuticals, antimicrobials, and additives for animal husbandry. This work aimed to assess the effect of refining on the contaminant content of a WV produced on an industrial scale and traded as agricultural input in the Brazilian market. WV was refined by sequential vacuum distillations and had its contaminant contents assessed before and after refining. The following chemical classes were investigated: metals and other elements, insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides (carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and others), mycotoxins, polychlorinated dioxins and furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds, encompassing more than 100 chemical species. Also, the WV physical–chemical properties before and after refining were determined. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were employed to attain the WV’s chemical profile. The main chemical components, such as phenolic compounds, furans, ketones, pyrans, etc., were annotated in the WV chemical profile. No traces of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, heavy metals, mycotoxins, polychlorinated dioxins, or polychlorinated furans were found in raw WV or refined versions. However, several other undes/irable chemicals were determined in the raw product, such as PAHs and volatile organic compounds (acetaldehyde, acetone, ethylene glycol, and methanol). Nevertheless, all of them were effectively removed from the raw WV after the first or second sequential refining steps, resulting in a pure product. Therefore, only one refining step can be applied to raw WV to yield a high-quality product for pharmaceutical and animal husbandry applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, inhalation is another way of contamination to be seriously considered [48]. Increased intake of acetaldehyde in the human organism is associated with neurological pathologies such as stroke, Wernicke encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as alcohol-induced impairment of brain structure and function [47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Vinegar from Slow Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus Wood: Assessment of Removing Contaminants by Sequential Vacuum Distillation

Pimenta,

Gama,

Feijó

et al. 2023

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Given that alcohol dehydrogenase and liver microsomal enzyme oxidation systems are inducible, chronic alcoholics generally have higher levels of enzyme expression, which can lead to decrease the exposure to both ethanol and acetaldehyde [ 3 ]. Interestingly, liver cirrhosis is also associated with tissue degeneration and decreased functional mass which would have the opposite effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This alarming number has encouraged researchers to develop mathematical models to better understand ethanol metabolism [ 2 ]. It is understood that ethanol is primarily metabolized by liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) into acetaldehyde, which is in turn eliminated by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) into acetate [ 3 , 4 ]. This is the primary metabolism pathway included in most ethanol metabolism models, however there are other processes that are frequently omitted in modelling, including microsomal ethanol oxidizing systems (namely cytochrome P450 enzyme 2E1), catalase, peroxisomes, and non-oxidative methods such as conversion by fatty acid ethyl esters [ 3 – 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model with a whole-body, organ-resolved genome-scale model for characterization of ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism

et al. 2021

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Ethanol is one of the most widely used recreational substances in the world and due to its ubiquitous use, ethanol abuse has been the cause of over 3.3 million deaths each year. In addition to its effects, ethanol’s primary metabolite, acetaldehyde, is a carcinogen that can cause symptoms of facial flushing, headaches, and nausea. How strongly ethanol or acetaldehyde affects an individual depends highly on the genetic polymorphisms of certain genes. In particular, the genetic polymorphisms of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH2, play a large role in the metabolism of acetaldehyde. Thus, it is important to characterize how genetic variations can lead to different exposures and responses to ethanol and acetaldehyde. While the pharmacokinetics of ethanol metabolism through alcohol dehydrogenase have been thoroughly explored in previous studies, in this paper, we combined a base physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model with a whole-body genome-scale model (WBM) to gain further insight into the effect of other less explored processes and genetic variations on ethanol metabolism. This combined model was fit to clinical data and used to show the effect of alcohol concentrations, organ damage, ALDH2 enzyme polymorphisms, and ALDH2-inhibiting drug disulfiram on ethanol and acetaldehyde exposure. Through estimating the reaction rates of auxiliary processes with dynamic Flux Balance Analysis, The PBPK-WBM was able to navigate around a lack of kinetic constants traditionally associated with PK modelling and demonstrate the compensatory effects of the body in response to decreased liver enzyme expression. Additionally, the model demonstrated that acetaldehyde exposure increased with higher dosages of disulfiram and decreased ALDH2 efficiency, and that moderate consumption rates of ethanol could lead to unexpected accumulations in acetaldehyde. This modelling framework combines the comprehensive steady-state analyses from genome-scale models with the dynamics of traditional PK models to create a highly personalized form of PBPK modelling that can push the boundaries of precision medicine.

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“…Berdasarkan asumsi tersebut, penurunan skor SOFA pada penelitian ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh skor SOFA yang relatif rendah (median < 5) yang memungkinkan perbaikan setelah terapi tocilizumab diberikan bahkan berkaitan dengan penurunan mortalitas hingga < 10%. 16,21,22 Prokalsitonin merupakan penanda inflamasi dengan satuan ukur ng/ml. Penelitian menunjukkan kadar prokalsitonin mengalami penurunan yang signifikan sejak pemberian tocilizumab mulai hari ke-2 sampai ke-7.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Efek Terapi IL-6 Inhibitor Tocilizumab pada Pasien Kritis Covid-19: Tinjauan terhadap Perubahan Skor SOFA, CRP, Prokalsitonin, dan Ferritin

Pangerang

Arif

Muchtar

et al. 2023

MACC

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Latar Belakang: Badai sitokin menyebabkan perburukan pasien COVID-19. Terapi efektif dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi hiperinflamasi. Tocilizumab adalah terapi imunomodulator yang menunjukkan efektivitas terhadap badai sitokin yang berat pada penelitian sebelumnya. Tujuan: Membandingkan skor SOFA, CRP, Prokalsitonin, dan Ferritin sebelum dan setelah pemberian Tocilizumab pada pasien kritis COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang dilaksanakan di RSUP Wahidin Sudirohusodo periode pasien Maret 2020 - November 2021. Pemilihan sampel dengan total sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Semua sampel akan diambil data rekam medis berupa skor SOFA, CRP, Prokalsitonin, dan Ferritin sebelum dan setelah pemberian Tocilizumab sampai hari ke-7 pemberian. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna skor SOFA sebelum dan setelah pemberian Tocilizumab sampai hari ke-7 (p<0.001) pada 23 sampel yang diuji dengan Friedman. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar CRP sebelum dan setelah pemberian Tocilizumab mulai hari ke-2 (p<0.001) pada 42 sampel yang diuji Wilcoxon. Ditemukan perbedaan bermakna kadar CRP sebelum dan setelah pemberian hari ke 2,4, hingga hari ke-7 (p<0.001) pada 28 sampel yang diuji dengan Friedman. Ada perbedaan bermakna kadar prokalsitonin sebelum dan setelah pemberian Tocilizumab mulai hari ke-2 (p<0.001) pada 42 sampel yang diuji Wilcoxon. Selanjutnya ditemukan perbedaan bermakna kadar prokalsitonin sebelum dan setelah pemberian pada hari ke 2,4, hingga hari ke-7 (p<0,001) pada 20 sampel yang diuji dengan Friedman. Ditemukan perbedaan bermakna kadar ferritin sebelum sebelum dan setelah pemberian Tocilizumab mulai hari ke-2 (p<0,001) pada 42 sampel yang diuji Wilcoxon. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar ferritin sebelum dan setelah pemberian pada hari ke 2,4, hingga hari ke-7 (p<0,001) pada 20 sampel yang diuji dengan Friedman. Simpulan: Tocilizumab menghasilkan penurunan skor SOFA, kadar CRP, Prokalsitonin, dan Ferritin pada pasien kritis COVID-19.

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Acetaldehyde

Cited by 7 publications

References 75 publications

Wood Vinegar from Slow Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus Wood: Assessment of Removing Contaminants by Sequential Vacuum Distillation

Wood Vinegar from Slow Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus Wood: Assessment of Removing Contaminants by Sequential Vacuum Distillation

Integration of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model with a whole-body, organ-resolved genome-scale model for characterization of ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism

Efek Terapi IL-6 Inhibitor Tocilizumab pada Pasien Kritis Covid-19: Tinjauan terhadap Perubahan Skor SOFA, CRP, Prokalsitonin, dan Ferritin

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