Acetaminophen degradation by electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton using a double cathode electrochemical cell

Electrochemical removal of pharmaceuticals from water streams: Reactivity elucidation by mass spectrometry

“…These techniques are operative for the treatment of acidic aqueous pharmaceutical effluents to avoid the precipitation of catalytic iron ions as hydroxides [1,7,11,[18][19][20][21][22]. Since undivided cells are often used, organics are simultaneously destroyed by M( • OH) formed from reaction (1) and • OH generated from Fenton's reaction (7).…”

“…1 the reductive photolysis of [Fe(OH)] 2+ , the pre-eminent form of Fe 3+ ion at pH near 3, thus regenerating Fe 2+ ion and producing additional • OH by photoreduction reaction (8); and, 2 the photolysis of some products or their Fe(III) complexes promoting Fe 2+ regeneration, as in the case of photodecarboxylation of Fe(III)-carboxylate species via reaction (9) [1,[20][21][22].…”

“…Reaction products are usually determined by GC-MS analysis of electrolyzed effluents [21,22,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], although, recently, authors tended to use LC-MS as an alternative analytical technique [11,30,[42][43][44][45][46][47] because LC-MS may allow detection of a larger number of products, even ionic ones. Unfortunately, literature on the application of LC-MS to real pharmaceutical effluents is rather scarce [12,13].…”

Photoelectrocatalytic activity of a hydrothermally grown branched Zno nanorod-array electrode for paracetamol degradation

“…It is noticed that ammonium and nitrate are all present in the oxidation processes using ozone coupled with Fe 2+ /Cu 2+ /UV light, [34] photocatalytic systems [35,36] and modified Fenton method. [37] In this study, data of GC-MS analyses showed , that oxidize paracetamol into end products. After mineralization, carboxylic acids and ammonium were found to be the predominant end products in the current study.…”

Photonic efficiency of the photodegradation of paracetamol in water by the photo-Fenton process

“…It has been found in European Sewage Treatment Plants in concentrations around 6 µg L -1 (Ternes 1998) and several studies have demonstrated AOPs capability to degrade PCT from different matrixes, more specifically, ozonation (Andreozzi et al 2003), radiolysis (Szabó et al 2003), photolysis and UV/H 2 O 2 (Kim et al 2009), heterogeneous photocatalysis (Yang et al 2008) and Fenton and related process (Trovó et al 2008;Santos-Juanes et al 2011a and2011b;Durán et al 2011;De Luna et al 2012;Li et al 2012) have been used to degrade this EC at a wide range of concentrations (from 1x10 -6 to 25 mM). These investigations have confirmed that sole UV irradiation above 254 nm does not degrade PCT or mineralize samples, but the presence of H 2 O 2 may lead to total degradation and partial mineralization of the samples (Kim et al 2009;Trovó et al 2008;Yang et al 2008).…”