Acetate biosynthesis by acetogenic bacteria. Evidence that carbon monoxide dehydrogenase is the condensing enzyme that catalyzes the final steps of the synthesis.

Ragsdale, S.W.; Wood, Harland G.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89217-1

Cited by 234 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In all three sites, most of the genomes with substantially complete reductive acetyl-CoA pathway had genes encoding for CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase ( Figure 5B ). CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase is a critical enzyme in the WL pathway to reduce CO 2 to CO and synthesize acetyl-CoA from the methyl carbonyl residues ( Pezacka and Wood, 1984 ; Ragsdale and Wood, 1985 ). This indicates that the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway (WL pathway) is a primary carbon fixation channel in the GSL sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses and Their Interactions With Bacteria and Archaea of Hypersaline Great Salt Lake

et al. 2021

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Viruses play vital biogeochemical and ecological roles by (a) expressing auxiliary metabolic genes during infection, (b) enhancing the lateral transfer of host genes, and (c) inducing host mortality. Even in harsh and extreme environments, viruses are major players in carbon and nutrient recycling from organic matter. However, there is much that we do not yet understand about viruses and the processes mediated by them in the extreme environments such as hypersaline habitats. The Great Salt Lake (GSL) in Utah, United States is a hypersaline ecosystem where the biogeochemical role of viruses is poorly understood. This study elucidates the diversity of viruses and describes virus–host interactions in GSL sediments along a salinity gradient. The GSL sediment virosphere consisted of Haloviruses (32.07 ± 19.33%) and members of families Siphoviridae (39.12 ± 19.8%), Myoviridae (13.7 ± 6.6%), and Podoviridae (5.43 ± 0.64%). Our results demonstrate that salinity alongside the concentration of organic carbon and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) governs the viral, bacteria, and archaeal diversity in this habitat. Computational host predictions for the GSL viruses revealed a wide host range with a dominance of viruses that infect Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Identification of auxiliary metabolic genes for photosynthesis (psbA), carbon fixation (rbcL, cbbL), formaldehyde assimilation (SHMT), and nitric oxide reduction (NorQ) shed light on the roles played by GSL viruses in biogeochemical cycles of global relevance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses and Their Interactions With Bacteria and Archaea of Hypersaline Great Salt Lake

et al. 2021

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“…CO 2 is fixed by the Wood–Ljugdahl pathway (WLP), a pathway with two branches in which the methyl and the carbonyl group of acetyl-CoA are formed from one mol of CO 2 each (Ljungdahl 1986 ; Wood et al 1986 ). The two branches converge by forming a C–C bond, with the production of acetyl-CoA (Ragsdale and Wood 1985 ). In the anabolic route, acetyl-CoA is further carboxylated to pyruvate and from here, carbon flows towards the usual biosynthetic routes for the production of cell material (Fairhurst et al 1956 ; Kandler 1983 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron carriers involved in autotrophic and heterotrophic acetogenesis in the thermophilic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter kivui

et al. 2021

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Thermoanaerobacter kivui is an acetogenic model organism that reduces CO2 with electrons derived from H2 or CO, or from organic substrates in the Wood–Ljugdahl pathway (WLP). For the calculation of ATP yields, it is necessary to know the electron carriers involved in coupling of the oxidative and reductive parts of metabolism. Analyses of key catabolic oxidoreductases in cell-free extract (CFE) or with purified enzymes revealed the physiological electron carriers involved. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GA3P-DH) assayed in CFE was NAD+-specific, NADP+ was used with less than 4% and ferredoxin (Fd) was not used. The methylene-THF dehydrogenase was NADP+-specific, NAD+ or Fd were not used. A Nfn-type transhydrogenase that catalyzes reduced Fd-dependent reduction of NADP+ with NADH as electron donor was also identified in CFE. The electron carriers used by the potential electron-bifurcating hydrogenase (HydABC) could not be unambiguously determined in CFE for technical reasons. Therefore, the enzyme was produced homologously in T. kivui and purified by affinity chromatography. HydABC contained 33.9 ± 4.5 mol Fe/mol of protein and FMN; it reduced NADP+ but not NAD+. The methylene-THF reductase (MetFV) was also produced homologously in T. kivui and purified by affinity chromatography. MetFV contained 7.2 ± 0.4 mol Fe/mol of protein and FMN; the complex did neither use NADPH nor NADH as reductant but only reduced Fd. In sum, these analysis allowed us to propose a scheme for entire electron flow and bioenergetics in T. kivui.

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“…Acetogens microorganisms are chemoautotrophic strict anaerobes capable of growing on gaseous mixtures, which produce acetate from CO 2 utilizing H 2 as electron donor through the reductive pathway of acetyl coA (or Wood-Ljungdahl) [10]. An innovative approach for the reducing power supply to chemoautotrophic microorganisms is represented by the use of bioelectrochemical systems which consist in the utilization of an electrochemical device for the stimulation of the microbial metabolism though the interaction with polarized electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autotrophic Acetate Production under Hydrogenophilic and Bioelectrochemical Conditions with a Thermally Treated Mixed Culture

et al. 2022

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Bioelectrochemical systems are emerging technologies for the reduction in CO2 in fuels and chemicals, in which anaerobic chemoautotrophic microorganisms such as methanogens and acetogens are typically used as biocatalysts. The anaerobic digestion digestate represents an abundant source of methanogens and acetogens microorganisms. In a mixed culture environment, methanogen’s inhibition is necessary to avoid acetate consumption by the presence of acetoclastic methanogens. In this study, a methanogenesis inhibition approach based on the thermal treatment of mixed cultures was adopted and evaluated in terms of acetate production under different tests consisting of hydrogenophilic and bioelectrochemical experiments. Batch experiments were carried out under hydrogenophilic and bioelectrochemical conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the thermal treatment and showing a 30 times higher acetate production with respect to the raw anaerobic digestate. Moreover, a continuous flow bioelectrochemical reactor equipped with an anion exchange membrane (AEM) successfully overcomes the methanogens reactivation, allowing for a continuous acetate production. The AEM membrane guaranteed the migration of the acetate from the biological compartment and its concentration in the abiotic chamber avoiding its consumption by acetoclastic methanogenesis. The system allowed an acetate concentration of 1745 ± 30 mg/L in the abiotic chamber, nearly five times the concentration measured in the cathodic chamber.

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Acetate biosynthesis by acetogenic bacteria. Evidence that carbon monoxide dehydrogenase is the condensing enzyme that catalyzes the final steps of the synthesis.

Cited by 234 publications

References 26 publications

Viruses and Their Interactions With Bacteria and Archaea of Hypersaline Great Salt Lake

Viruses and Their Interactions With Bacteria and Archaea of Hypersaline Great Salt Lake

Electron carriers involved in autotrophic and heterotrophic acetogenesis in the thermophilic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter kivui

Autotrophic Acetate Production under Hydrogenophilic and Bioelectrochemical Conditions with a Thermally Treated Mixed Culture

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